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Figure 10.3. Flow cytometry analysis for surface expression of mannose receptor on human
alveolar macrophages. AM were examined from healthy, asymptomatic HIV
individuals with high
peripheral blood CD4 counts (CD4 > 200 cells/mm
3
), asymptomatic HIV
individuals with low
peripheral blood CD4 counts (CD4 < 200 cells/mm
3
), and HIV
patients with active P. carinii
pneumonia (HIV
PCP). Each panel illustrates a representative ¯ow cytometry pro®le of one sub-
ject for each of the groups examined, demonstrating positive HLA-DR staining (dashed line) and
positive mannose receptor antibody staining (solid line), separated from background (shaded curve).
The ordinate represents relative cell number and the abscissa represents relative log ¯uorescence
intensity. For details see Koziel et al., 1998a. Reproduced with permission.
tion may be required (Murray et al., 1985). However, recent investigations
suggest that speci®c receptor-mediated impaired oxidative burst function may
be apparent in persons with advance HIV infection, related in part to mannose
receptor down-regulation ( Koziel et al., 2000).
Alveolar Macrophage Activation
Several investigations suggest that AM from HIV-infected individuals are
``activated,'' expressing surface markers associated with macrophages activa-
tion such as major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules
(HLA-DR, HLA-DQ, HLA-DP) (Agostini et al., 1993; Buhl et al., 1993), b
2
-
integrins (LFA-1, CD11a/CD18), and CD54 (ICAM-1) (Agostini et al., 1993).
Although some of these observations may be attributable to active pulmonary
disease, studies focusing on asymptomatic HIV-infected individuals describe
