Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
12
ChAPTEr
Probiotics and Prebiotics in
Inflammatory bowel Disease
L. Prisciandaro, G. S. Howarth, and M. S. Geier
CoNTENTs
12.1 Inflammatory Bowel Disease ....................................................................... 233
12.2 Probiotics ...................................................................................................... 235
12.2.1 Probiotics in IBD .............................................................................. 236
12.2.1.1
In Vitro
Models .................................................................. 236
12.2.1.2 Animal Models of IBD ...................................................... 238
12.2.1.3 Human Studies/Clinical Trials ..........................................240
12.2.1.4 Summary of Probiotics in IBD .......................................... 242
12.3 Prebiotics ...................................................................................................... 242
12.3.1 Prebiotics in IBD .............................................................................. 243
12.3.1.1 Prebiotics in Animal Models of IBD ................................. 243
12.3.1.2 Prebiotics in Human Trials ................................................244
12.4 Synbiotics......................................................................................................246
12.5 Future Directions .......................................................................................... 247
12.5.1 Inactivated Bacteria .......................................................................... 247
12.5.1.1
In Vitro
Studies of Inactivated Bacteria............................. 247
12.5.1.2
In Vivo
Studies of Inactivated Bacteria.............................. 248
12.5.2 Probiotic Supernatants...................................................................... 249
12.5.3 Efficacy of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics ............................ 250
References .............................................................................................................. 251
12.1 INFlAMMATory boWEl DIsEAsE
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refers primarily to two major disorders,
ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), but is a collective term for a
group of intestinal conditions characterized by uncontrolled inflammation in the
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