Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
10
ChAPTEr
Prebiotics and lipid Metabolism
Jonathan E. Teitelbaum
CoNTENTs
10.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................209
10.2 Cholesterol Metabolism ................................................................................ 210
10.3 Bile Acid Metabolism ................................................................................... 211
10.4 Probiotics and Lipid Metabolism.................................................................. 212
10.5 Prebiotics and Lipid Metabolism.................................................................. 213
10.5.1 Experimental (Animal) Studies ........................................................ 213
10.5.2 Human Studies.................................................................................. 214
10.6 Mechanism by Which Prebiotics Exert Their Effect on Lipid
Metabolism ................................................................................................... 215
10.6.1 Effects on Hepatic Cholesterol Synthesis ......................................... 215
10.6.2 Fermentation Products as Mediators of the Systemic Effects .......... 215
10.6.3 Increase in Cholesterol Excretion..................................................... 216
10.6.4 Effect on Bacterial Flora .................................................................. 216
10.7 Conclusion .................................................................................................... 217
References .............................................................................................................. 217
10.1 INTroDuCTIoN
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in
industrialized countries. Several epidemiologic and clinical studies reveal a posi-
tive correlation between elevated total serum cholesterol levels, mainly reflecting the
low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol fraction, and risk of CHD.
1
Specifically,
large-scale epidemiologic surveys suggest that elevated fasting triglyceride levels
are associated with a greater risk of CHD, and that this effect is independent of any
association with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol.
2
Elevated postprandial
triglyceride concentrations may also predict CHD risk.
3,4
Intervention studies have
209
