Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Electron Acceptors
Electron Donors
NO
SO 2−
Organic
Compound
(Ethanol, H 2 )
Fe 3+
HCO
R-Cl x
N 2 (NH + )
Partially
Oxidized
Compound(s)
(Acetate)
H 2 S
Fe 2+
CH 4
CO 2
R-Cl x−1
Figure 5.3 Complex oxidation-reduction reactions that may take place in the subsur-
face environment by microorganisms.
cleanup technologies to address environmental challenges faced by DOD,
Department of Energy (DOE), EPA, and the Environmental Restoration
Research community. These new technologies were to be evaluated in terms
of both efficacy and performance. The specific objective in the chlorinated
solvents area was to develop and test comprehensive site approaches, which
addressed the unique nature of the environmental challenge presented by
solvent/DNAPL sites. Where the FTF program differs from other govern-
ment- and industry-driven programs is in the recognition of the value of
fundamental research in directly supporting the design and testing and,
more importantly, the evaluation of the performance to these novel remedi-
ation approaches. Because of this, the chlorinated solvents area project's
specific goal was to demonstrate the feasibility of the SERB technology for
the comprehensive remediation of a DNAPL-contaminated site. This meant
that the approach not only dealt with the dissolved/mobile phase contam-
inants but also addressed the need to remediate the separate phase material
(DNAPL/residual) and limit the potential of the source area to serve as an
extremely long-lived input to groundwater at the site. The project also
focused on developing a coherent conceptual model of the interaction of the
remedial approach, the subsurface microbial ecology, and the observed per-
formance. To this end, significant effort was made to develop and test new
molecular ecology tools and innovative site characterization tools and to
support the overall test with concurrent laboratory research efforts. The
regulatory goals of the SERB pilot test were to evaluate the potential and
effectiveness of this technology for the Florida Department of Environmental
Protection (DEP) Drycleaning Solvent Cleanup Program (DSCP) and the
EPA's DNAPL initiative. The specific goals in this regard were to demon-
strate that the system configuration could achieve and maintain hydraulic
containment while satisfying long-term injection permit requirements and
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