Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 7.3
Summary of Existing Treatment Options for PAH-Contaminated Soil
Technology
Examples
Benefits
Limitations
Factors to Consider
Solid phase
Land farming
Composting
Engineered soil cell
Soil treatment
Cost efficient
Modestly effective for
HMW PAHs
Low O&M costs
Perform on site, in place
Space requirements
Extended treatment
time
Control of abiotic loss
Mass transfer
Bioavailability
Catabolic capabilities of
indigenous microflora
Presence of metals and
other organics
pH, temperature, moisture
control
Biodegradability
Bioreactors
Aqueous reactors
Soil slurry reactors
Most rapid degradation
Controlled conditions
Enhanced mass transfer
Use of surfactants and
inoculants
Material input
requires physical
removal
Relatively high
capital costs
Same as solid phase
Toxicity of amendments
Toxic concentrations of
contaminants
In situ
Biosparging
Bioventing
GW
circulation
In situ
bioreactors
Least cost
Noninvasive
Complements natural
attenuation processes
Soil and water treated
simultaneously
Physicochemical
control
Extended treatment
time
Monitoring progress
and effectiveness
Same as solid phase
Chemical solubility
LNAPL/DNAPL present
Geological factors
Regulatory aspects for
groundwater
Source: Modified from Mueller, J. et al.,
Antonie Leeuwenhoek
, 71, 329-343, 1997.
