Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
a
b
c
OWFr: temperature [
°
C], src50
OWFr: temperature [
°
C], src60
O
WFr: temperature [
°
C], src(50−6
0)
0
0
0
1
5.00
1
5.00
1.50
max: 12.00
max: 12.00
max: 3.88
min: 7.00
min: 7.00
min: −3.46
1
.20
1
4.00
1
4.00
10
10
10
0
.90
1
3.00
1
3.00
0
.60
20
20
20
1
2.00
1
2.00
0
.30
30
1
1.00
30
1
1.00
30
0
.00
−
0.30
1
0.00
1
0.00
40
40
40
−
0.60
9
.00
9
.00
−
0.90
50
50
50
8
.00
8
.00
−
1.20
S
N
S
N
S
N
−1.50
7.00
7.00
60
60
60
−90
−60
−30
0
30
60
90
−90
−60
−30
0
30
60
90
−90
−60
−30
0
30
60
90
y (km)
y (km)
y (km)
Fig. 5.12 Comparison of the OWFr temperature stratification along the S-N cross section through
12-turbine OWF around
P
(0,0) between (a) the normal run (src50) and (b) the sensitivity run,
avoiding vertical exchange of momentum, vertical diffusion, and advection (src60) after 1 day of
OWF operation. The vertical changes in the hydrographic conditions are forbidden in src60.
Illustration (c) shows the difference between src50 and src60. The
dashed horizontal line
marks
the depth of the thermocline, the
dashed-dotted lines
mark the OWF area, and the
solid lines
accent the effect dimension
a
b
c
OWFr: temperature [
°
C], src52
OWFr−REFr: temperature [
°
C], src52
O
WFr−REFr: temperature [
°
C], src(52−5
0)
0
0
0
1
5.00
1.00
1.00
max: 12.01
max: 3.98
max: 1.76
min: 7.00
min: −3.56
0
.80
min: −1.75
0
.80
10
1
4.00
10
10
0
.60
0
.60
1
3.00
0
.40
0
.40
20
20
20
1
2.00
0
.20
0
.20
30
30
30
1
1.00
0
.00
0
.00
−
0.20
−
0.20
1
0.00
40
40
40
−
0.40
−
0.40
9
.00
−
0.60
−
0.60
50
50
50
8
.00
−
0.80
−
0.80
S
N
S
N
S
N
7.00
−1.00
−1.00
60
60
60
−90
−60
−30
0
30
60
90
−90
−60
−30
0
30
60
90
−90
−60
−30
0
30
60
90
y (km)
y (km)
y (km)
Fig. 5.13 OWF effect on the ocean
'
s temperature stratification based on sensitivity run without
diffusion (src52) for (a) OWFr and (b) difference between OWFr and REFr and (c) comparison of
the effect with the normal run (src50) after 1 day of OWF operation. No vertical diffusion means
that the occurred changes refers to the vertical advection. The
dashed horizontal line
marks the
depth of the thermocline, the
dashed-dotted lines
mark the OWF area, and the
solid lines
accent
the effect dimension
vertical advection plays a dominant role for the development of the thermocline
exclusion.
A comparison of src54 (no vertical advection) with the
simulation, without
vertical advection, and without vertical diffusion
(src56) shows that the diffusion
ends in a diffusive thermocline with a linear transition between the upper and lower
water layers (Fig.
5.14
). Without vertical advection and diffusion, a sharp transition
exists. Hereby, it becomes apparent that the diffusion supports changes within the
OWF in upwelling direction via the thermocline. Therefore, the diffusion also
supports a temperature increase from surface down to the thermocline following
the gradient of concentration; as known, diffusion acts again as concentration
gradient.
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