Analysis 02: OWF Effect on the Ocean - On the Effect of Offshore Wind Farms on the Atmosphere and Ocean Dynamics - page 56

a1) OWFr−REFr: velh [m/s], t=10min a2) OWFr−REFr: velh [m/s], t=80min a3) OWFr−REFr: velh [m/s], t=160min a4) OWFr−REFr: velh [m/s], t=12h a5) OWFr−REFr: velh [m/s], t=48h

0.04
0.05

0.04
0.05

0.04
0.05

0.04
0.05

0.04
0.05

105

min: −0.0106
max: 0.0029 105

min: −0.0450
max: 0.0131 105

min: −0.0730
max: 0.0212 105

min: −0.0501
max: 0.0352 105

min: −0.0907
max: 0.0882

75 75 75 75 75

0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03

0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03

0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03

0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03

0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03

45 45 45 45 45

−15
0
15

−15
0
15

−15
0
15

−15
0
15

−15
0
15

−0.03
−0.02
−0.01

−0.03
−0.02
−0.01

−0.03
−0.02
−0.01

−0.03
−0.02
−0.01

−0.03
−0.02
−0.01

−45 −45 −45 −45 −45

−75 −75 −75 −75 −75

−0.05
−0.04

−0.05
−0.04

−0.05
−0.04

−0.05
−0.04

−0.05
−0.04

−105 −105 −105 −105 −105

−105 −75 −45 −15 0 15 45 75 105 −105 −75 −45 −15 0 15 45 75 105 −105 −75 −45 −15 0 15 45 75 105 −105 −75 −45 −15 0 15 45 75 105 −105 −75 −45 −15 0 15 45 75 105

x (km) x (km) x (km) x (km) x (km)

b1) OWFr−REFr: velc.u [m/s], t=10min b2) OWFr−REFr: velc.u [m/s], t=80min b3) OWFr−REFr: velc.u [m/s], t=160min b4) OWFr−REFr: velc.u [m/s], t=12h b5) OWFr−REFr: velc.u [m/s], t=48h

0.03
0.04
0.05

0.03
0.04
0.05

0.03
0.04
0.05

0.03
0.04
0.05

0.03
0.04
0.05

105

min: −0.0140
max: 0.0031 105

min: −0.0612
max: 0.0130 105

min: −0.0922
max: 0.0204 105

min: −0.0966
max: 0.0436 105

min: −0.2288
max: 0.0884

75 75 75 75 75

45 45 45 45 45

0.00
0.01
0.02

0.00
0.01
0.02

0.00
0.01
0.02

0.00
0.01
0.02

0.00
0.01
0.02

−15
0
15

−15
0
15

−15
0
15

−15
0
15

−15
0
15

−0.05
−0.04
−0.03
−0.02
−0.01

−0.05
−0.04
−0.03
−0.02
−0.01

−0.05
−0.04
−0.03
−0.02
−0.01

−0.05
−0.04
−0.03
−0.02
−0.01

−0.05
−0.04
−0.03
−0.02
−0.01

−45 −45 −45 −45 −45

−75 −75 −75 −75 −75

−105 −105 −105 −105 −105

−105 −75 −45 −15 0 15 45 75 105 −105 −75 −45 −15 0 15 45 75 105 −105 −75 −45 −15 0 15 45 75 105 −105 −75 −45 −15 0 15 45 75 105 −105 −75 −45 −15 0 15 45 75 105

x (km) x (km) x (km) x (km) x (km)

c1) OWFr−REFr: velc.v [m/s], t=10mi n c2 ) OWFr−REFr: velc.v [m/s], t=80mi n c3) O WFr−REFr: velc.v [m/s], t=160m in c 4 ) OWFr−REFr: velc.v [m/s], t=12h c 5 ) OWFr−REFr: velc.v [m/s], t=48h

0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05

0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05

0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05

0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05

0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05

105

min: −0.0044
max: 0.0016 105

min: −0.0125
max: 0.0074 105

min: −0.0116
max: 0.0149 105

min: −0.0191
max: 0.0376 105

min: −0.0899
max: 0.0708

75 75 75 75 75

45 45 45 45 45

−0.01
0.00
0.01

−0.01
0.00
0.01

−0.01
0.00
0.01

−0.01
0.00
0.01

−0.01
0.00
0.01

15 15 15 15 15

−15 −15 −15 −15 −15

−45 −45 −45 −45 −45

−0.05
−0.04
−0.03
−0.02

−0.05
−0.04
−0.03
−0.02

−0.05
−0.04
−0.03
−0.02

−0.05
−0.04
−0.03
−0.02

−0.05
−0.04
−0.03
−0.02

−75 −75 −75 −75 −75

−105 −105 −105 −105 −105

−105 −75 −45 −15 0 15 45 75 105 −105 −75 −45 −15 0 15 45 75 105 −105 −75 −45 −15 0 15 45 75 105 −105 −75 −45 −15 0 15 45 75 105 −105 −75 −45 −15 0 15 45 75 105

x (km) x (km) x (km) x (km) x (km)

d1) OWFr−REFr: ζ [m], t=10min d2) OWFr−REFr: ζ [m], t=80min d3) OWFr−REFr: ζ [m], t=160min d4) OWFr−REFr: ζ [m], t=12h d5) OWFr−REFr: ζ [m], t=48h

−6.0E−04
−4.0E−04
−2.0E−04
0.00E+00
2.0E−04
4.0E−04
6.0E−04
8.0E−04
1.0E−03

−6.0E−04
−4.0E−04
−2.0E−04
0.00E+00
2.0E−04
4.0E−04
6.0E−04
8.0E−04
1.0E−03

−6.0E−04
−4.0E−04
−2.0E−04
0.00E+00
2.0E−04
4.0E−04
6.0E−04
8.0E−04
1.0E−03

−6.0E−04
−4.0E−04
−2.0E−04
0.00E+00
2.0E−04
4.0E−04
6.0E−04
8.0E−04
1.0E−03

−6.0E−03
−4.0E−03
−2.0E−03
0.00E+00
2.0E−03
4.0E−03
6.0E−03
8.0E−03
1.0E−02

105

min:−8.45E−04
max: 4.46E−04 105

min:−8.85E−04
max: 3.91E−04 105

min:−8.78E−04
max: 5.09E−04 105

min:−4.47E−03
max: 3.13E−03 105

min:−1.67E−02
max: 9.53E−03

75 75 75 75 75

45 45 45 45 45

−15
0
15

−15
0
15

−15
0
15

−15
0
15

−15
0
15

−45 −45 −45 −45 −45

−75 −75 −75 −75 −75

−1.0E−03
−8.0E−04

−1.0E−03
−8.0E−04

−1.0E−03
−8.0E−04

−1.0E−03
−8.0E−04

−1.0E−02
−8.0E−03

−105 −105 −105 −105 −105

−105 −75 −45 −15 0 15 45 75 105 −105 −75 −45 −15 0 15 45 75 105 −105 −75 −45 −15 0 15 45 75 105 −105 −75 −45 −15 0 15 45 75 105 −105 −75 −45 −15 0 15 45 75 105

x (km) x (km) x (km) x (km) x (km)

e1) OWFr−REFr: velc.w [m/s], t=10m in e2 ) OWFr−REFr: velc.w [m/s], t=80mi n e3) O WFr−REFr: velc.w [m/s], t=160 mi n e 4 ) OWFr−REFr: velc.w [m/s], t=12h e 5 ) OWFr−REFr: velc.w [m/s], t=48h

105

8.00E−06
1.00E−05

105

4.00E−05
5.00E−05

105

4.00E−05
5.00E−05

105

4.00E−05
5.00E−05

105

4.00E−05
5.00E−05

min:−3.88E−06
max: 1.28E−06

min:−2.63E−05
max: 1.59E−05

min:−4.04E−05
max: 2.93E−05

min:−4.37E−05
max: 4.61E−05

min:−4.40E−05
max: 4.94E−05

75 75 75 75 75

−1.00E−05
−8.00E−06
−6.00E−06
−4.00E−06
−2.00E−06
0.00E+00
2.00E−06
4.00E−06
6.00E−06

−5.00E−05
−4.00E−05
−3.00E−05
−2.00E−05
−1.00E−05
0.00E+00
1.00E−05
2.00E−05
3.00E−05

−5.00E−05
−4.00E−05
−3.00E−05
−2.00E−05
−1.00E−05
0.00E+00
1.00E−05
2.00E−05
3.00E−05

−5.00E−05
−4.00E−05
−3.00E−05
−2.00E−05
−1.00E−05
0.00E+00
1.00E−05
2.00E−05
3.00E−05

−5.00E−05
−4.00E−05
−3.00E−05
−2.00E−05
−1.00E−05
0.00E+00
1.00E−05
2.00E−05
3.00E−05

45 45 45 45 45

15 15 15

−15
0
15

15

−15 −15 −15 −15

−45 −45 −45 −45 −45

−75 −75 −75 −75 −75

−105 −105 −105 −105 −105

−105 −75 −45 −15 0 15 45 75 105 −105 −75 −45 −15 0 15 45 75 105 −105 −75 −45 −15 0 15 45 75 105 −105 −75 −45 −15 0 15 45 75 105 −105 −75 −45 −15 0 15 45 75 105

x (km) x (km) x (km) x (km) x (km)

f1) OWFr−REFr: temperature [ ° C], t=10 mi n f2) OWFr−REFr: temperature [ ° C], t=80 min f3) OWFr−REFr: temperature [ ° C], t=160 m in f4) OWFr−REFr: temperature [ ° C], t=12 h f5) OWFr−REFr: temperature [ ° C], t=4 8h

0.004
0.005

0.040
0.050

0.040
0.050

1.200
1.500

1.200
1.500

105

min: −0.0005
max: 0.0011 105

min: −0.0263
max: 0.0382 105

min: −0.1104
max: 0.1302 105

min: −1.0654
max: 1.0937 105

min: −2.4188
max: 1.7320

75 75 75 75 75

−0.001
0.000
0.001
0.002
0.003

−0.010
−0.000
0.010
0.020
0.030

−0.010
−0.000
0.010
0.020
0.030

−0.300
0.000
0.300
0.600
0.900

−0.300
0.000
0.300
0.600
0.900

45 45 45 45 45

−15
0
15

−15
0
15

−15
0
15

−15
0
15

−15
0
15

−45 −45 −45 −45 −45

−0.005
−0.004
−0.003
−0.002

−0.050
−0.040
−0.030
−0.020

−0.050
−0.040
−0.030
−0.020

−1.500
−1.200
−0.900
−0.600

−1.500
−1.200
−0.900
−0.600

−75 −75 −75 −75 −75

−105 −105 −105 −105 −105

−105 −75 −45 −15 0 15 45 75 105 −105 −75 −45 −15 0 15 45 75 105 −105 −75 −45 −15 0 15 45 75 105 −105 −75 −45 −15 0 15 45 75 105 −105 −75 −45 −15 0 15 45 75 105

x (km) x (km) x (km) x (km) x (km)

g1) OWFr−REFr: salinity [psu], t=10mi n g2) OWFr−REFr: salinity [psu], t=80mi n g3) OWFr−REFr: salinity [psu], t=160 min g5) OWFr−REFr: salinity [psu], t=48h

g4) O WFr−REFr: salinity [psu], t=12h

0.0040
0.0050

0.0020
0.0030
0.0040
0.0050

0.0200
0.0300
0.0400
0.0500

0.0200
0.0300
0.0400
0.0500

0.0001
0.0002
0.0003
0.0004
0.0005

105 105 105

min: −0.0143
max: 0.0271 105

min: −0.0216
max: 0.1018

105

min: −0.0000
max: 0.0000

min: −0.0008
max: 0.0005

min: −0.0027
max: 0.0020

75 75 75 75 75

−0.0020
−0.0010
0.0000
0.0010
0.0020
0.0030

45 45 45 45

45

−0.0030
−0.0020
−0.0010
0.0000
0.0010

−0.0500
−0.0400
−0.0300
−0.0200
−0.0100
−0.0000
0.0100

−0.0500
−0.0400
−0.0300
−0.0200
−0.0100
−0.0000
0.0100

−15
0
15 15 15

−15
0
15

0
15

−1 0 −1 0

−0.0005
−0.0004
−0.0003
−0.0002
−0.0001
−0.0000

−15

−45 −45 −45 −45

−45

−0.0050
−0.0040
−0.0030

−75 −75 −75 −75 −75

−0.0050
−0.0040

−105 −105 −105 −105

−105

−105 −75 −45 −15 0

x (km)

15 45 75 105 −105 −75 −45 −15 0 15 45 75 105

x (km)

−105 −75 −45 −15 0 15 45 75 105

−105 −75 −45 − 15 0

x (km)

15 45 75 105 −105 −75 −45 −15 15 45 75 105

x (km)

0

x (km)

Fig. 5.5 12-turbine OWF effect (OWFr-REFr) on the ocean at five different time steps of ocean
simulation at the surface for horizontal velocity field (a1-a5), velocity components u (b1-b5) and
v (c1-c5), and surface elevation (d1-d5) and at 12-m depths for velocity component w (e1-e5),

temperature (f1-f5) and salinity (g1-g5). Results after 10 min (a1-g1), 80 min (a2-g2), 160 min
(a3-g3), 12 h (a4-g4), and 48 h (a5-g5) of operating wind turbines are presented. The OWF is
placed in the middle of the model area where dashed-dotted lines are crossing. Be aware of the
different color bars at later time steps. Black arrows give direction of horizontal velocity field of
run OWFr. Units of variables are listed in the header of each figure

ζ