Models, Data, and Methodology - On the Effect of Offshore Wind Farms on the Atmosphere and Ocean Dynamics - page 25

¼

ρ ref ∂ τ x

1

ρ ref ∂ τ y

1

, ð 3 5 Þ

F x ; F y :

z z

∂ ∂

Using those stratifications and spin-up of wind forcing, the actual effect on the
ocean is simulated by a run using the baroclinic, prognostic mode of HAMSOM,
Smagorinsky diffusion, and Lax-Wendroff advection scheme. That simulation is
denoted as master simulation. Besides this main setup, various setups that differ a
little bit from the main setup were considered. These different sensitivity runs were
created to focus on theoretical details activating the occurring circulation pattern.
The aim is to understand the physical principle standing behind the occurring ocean
dynamic. Especially the analyses of horizontal and vertical momentum exchanges,
as well as diffusion and advection processes, are important.
All these simulations are listed in Table 3.3 , and runs considering OWF are
shortly defined here:

• Master Simulation T012ug08 TS01HD60F01: the master simulation of
TOS-01 includes forcing with wind field of 12-turbine OWF and ug 8.0 m/s,

temperature and salinity start field TS01, ocean depth of 60 m, and forcing
comprises only one balanced METRAS wind and pressure field, which is kept
constant over ocean simulation.
• T012ug05 TS01HD60F01: it is like the master simulation but ug

¼

¼ 5.0 m/s.

• T012ug16 TS01HD60F01: it is like the master simulation but ug 16.0 m/s.

• T048ug08 TS01HD60F01: it is like the master simulation but with an OWF
consisting of 48 turbines.
• T080ug08 TS01HD60F01: it is like the master simulation but with an OWF
consisting of 80 turbines.
• T160ug08 TS01HD60F01: it is like the master simulation but with an OWF
consisting of 160 turbines.
• T012ug08 TS01HD60F02: it is like the master simulation, but the wind forcing
does not persist on one constant wind and pressure field; it includes different
fields, as well as the effect of switching on and off of wind turbines.
• T012ug08 TS01HD60F03: it is like the master simulation, but full meteorolog-
ical METRAS forcing is used.
• T012ug08 TS01HD60F04: it is like the master simulation, but forcing based on
the Brostr¨m approach is used.
• T012ug08 TS01HD60F01_BTM: it is like the master simulation but with a
manipulated HAMSOM source code to run simulation under barotropic mode.
• T012ug08 TS02HD60F01_src*: it is like the master simulation but with easier
temperature and salinity stratification of only two layers (TS02) and manipulated
HAMSOM source code to analyze exchange processes.

¼

All simulations were computed twice, with a wind forcing neglecting OWFs—
the reference run (REFr) and a wind forcing, including the signal of operating wind
turbines (OWFr).