Civil Engineering Reference
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a
b
Fig. 5.29 (a) Location of extremes of variable w in 12-m depth and (b) variations of overall
maxima and minima along the y -section from S to N in dependence of depth
more intense are the vertical velocity cells with a maximal global mean of
downwelling and upwelling for T160 of
1.68E-06 and +1.83E-06 m/s. The
extrema along the S-N cross section through the OWF are in order of 10 5 m/s,
and the bigger is the OWF, the stronger is the intensification of the vertical motion,
especially for downwelling. While upwelling varies stronger between the simula-
tions, the downwelling is constant with a minima of
4.13E-05 m/s.
The vertical effect is also quite consistent. The extrema of velocity component
w in 12-m depth have the same maxima/minima location for T012 and T048,
respectively T080 and T160 (Fig. 5.29a ). The extrema of the vertical cells along
the S-N section are also located in the same depths for all turbine assumption, apart
from T48, which has a maximal upwelling in 12 m and not in 10 m (Fig. 5.29b ). A
maximal downwelling is registered along the S-N cross section in 12-m depth for
all OWF sizes.
Figure 5.28 also represents the effect of wind turbine amount on the temperature
in the vertical. Thermocline stays at 12-m depths for all four simulations. In space
of intense vertical mixing, temperature variations occur with maxima beneath and
minima above the thermocline.
Among run T080, the temperature stratification is only affected around the
OWF. Simulation run T080 shows a little cooling at the thermocline along the S-
N cross section due to the different wind fields and therefore a diffuser surface
elevation. It can be said that a different number of operating turbines affects the
excursion of the thermocline around the OWF. The excursion of the thermocline is
more horizontally distorted in the case of greater OWF districts (Fig. 5.28 a3-d3).
But the horizontal distortion has hardly influenced the vertical dimension of
excursion in contrast to wind speed effects. Neglecting T080, the change in the
temperature increases with the OWF sizes due to temperature advection by vertical
motion and is supported by wider vertical cells of changes and horizontal diffusion.
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