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afford based on their income. This meta-action
M
can also affect car comfort and
quality negatively to reduce production price while meeting customers functional
needs. In this example
Y
's segmentation is based on luxurious cars, functional cars,
powerful sport cars, and so on. A new customer segment, called entry luxury cars,
can join the brand with the help of meta-action
M
transitioning them from functional
cars to entry-luxury cars.
Example 2
To give a new example, let us assume that classification features in
S
describe teaching evaluations at some school and the decision feature represents
their overall score. Explain difficult concepts effectively, Speaks English fluently,
Stimulate student interest in the course, and Provide sufficient feedback are exam-
ples of classification features scored in the system. Then, examples of meta-actions
associated with
S
will be: Change the content of the course, Change the textbook
of the course, Post all material on the Web. Clearly, those meta-actions will trig-
ger changes in some of the features described such as Provide sufficient feed-back
and Stimulate student's interest in the course; however none of these three meta-
actions will influence the feature Speaks English fluently and its values will remain
unchanged [
14
].
Example 3
Another example would be using Hepatitis as the application domain.
Then the increase in blood cell plagues and the decrease in level of alkaline phos-
phatase are examples of atomic action terms. Drugs like Hepatil or Hepargen are
seen as meta-actions triggering changes described by these two atomic action terms
[
11
,
15
]. It should be noted that Hepatil is also used to get rid of obstruction, eructa-
tion, and bleeding. However, Hepargen is not used to get rid of obstruction but it is
used to get rid of eructation and bleeding. Some of the effects of those meta-actions
are not necessary and can be seen as side effects. At the same time some needed
changes are not triggered by the meta actions used and require the use of additional
meta-actions.
9.4.1 Meta-actions Influence Matrix
Consider several meta-actions, denoted
M
1
,
M
n
. Each one can invoke chan-
ges within values of some classification features in
F
M
2
,...,
.The
expected changes of values of classification features on objects from
S
triggered by
these meta-actions are described by the influence matrix
={
f
1
,
f
2
,...,
f
m
}
{
E
ij
:
1
≤
i
≤
n
and 1
≤
. The table below gives an example of an influence matrix associated with
six meta-actions and three features:
a
,
b
, and
c
.
For instance, let us describe the meta-action
M
2
. The influence matrix in Table
9.1
says that by executing
M
2
on objects in
S
, two atomic action terms are triggered.
They are:
j
≤
m
}
(
a
,
a
2
ₒ
a
1
)
and
(
b
,
b
2
ₒ
b
2
)
. It means that objects in
S
satisfying the
description
(
a
,
a
2
)
∧
(
b
,
b
2
)
are expected to change their description to
(
a
,
a
1
)
∧
(
b
,
b
2
)
.
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