Weed life history: identifying vulnerabilities - Ecological Management of Agricultural Weeds - page 54

Table 2.4. Characteristics of some species with negligible response to germination cues associated with tillage

Seed size, Innate Wounding/ Alternating

Species mg dormancy a hard seed b Light a temperature a NO

a References

£

Abutilon theophrasti 4-10 0,( ) H 0, ,( ) 0 LaCroix & Staniforth (1964),Holm (1972),Fawcett & Silfe

(1978),Horowitz & Taylorson (1984,1985),Warwick &
Black (1988)

Avena ludoviciana 0, W 0 0 Thurston (1960),Froud-Williams (1985)

Bromus sterilis 8 0 0 0 0 Froud-Williams (1985),Thompson,Band & Hodgson (1993)

Convolvulus arvensis 10 0 H 0 ( ) Weaver & Riley (1982)

Xanthium strumarium 50-60 W 0 ( ) Wareing & Foda (1957),Kaul (1965),Weaver &

Lechowicz (1983)

Notes:
a

,and 0 indicate that the factor promoted,inhibited or had no effect on germination in the studies cited.Parentheses indicate that the effect was weak.
Blanks indicate that information was unavailable.
b H,hard seeds; W,wounding increases germination,but seeds are not hard in the usual sense.

,