Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 4.3 Production and type composition of China's energy
Shares in total energy production (%)
Production of
primary energy
(100 million tce)
Water, nuclear
electricity and others
2000 13.5. 73.2 17.2 2.7 6.9
2001 14.4 73.0 16.3 2.8 7.9
2002 15.1 73.5 15.8 2.9 7.8
2003 17.2 76.2 14.1 2.7 7.0
2004 19.7 77.1 12.8 2.8 7.3
2005 21.6 77.6 12.0 3.0 7.4
2006 23.2 77.8 11.3 3.4 7.5
2007 24.7 77.7 10.8 3.7 7.8
2008 26.1 76.8 10.5 4.1 8.6
2009 27.5 77.3 9.9 4.1 8.7
2010 29.7 76.6 9.8 4.2 9.4
2011 31.8 77.8 9.1 4.3 8.8
2012 33.3 76.3 8.9 4.3 10.5
Resource: China Statistical Yearbook 2012, National Bureau of Statistics of China
Year
Raw coal
Crude oil
Natural gas
been over 50 %. What's more, coal and natural gas has become net importing
resource in China. Those orients are in the acceleration of China's industrialization
and urbanization. Actually, Chinese government has always taken a series of
vigorous measures to promote the exploration and exploitation of domestic
energy resources. Enhanced efforts have been attached to the development of
natural gas and renewable energy resources especially in the context of climate
change. During the Eleventh Five Year period, Chinese energy output increased
from 2.16 billion ton coal equivalent in 2005 to 3.33 billion ton coal equivalent in
2012 (see Table 4.3 ) with a self-sufficiency rate at around 90 % [ 5 ], which is the
highest among the world top energy consumers.
4.1.2.1 Coal
In the past 10 years, China more than doubled its coal production and sales volume
(see Fig. 4.1 ) and became the largest coal consumer and producer in the world,
accounting for 40 % of the global coal production and consumption. Due to strong
domestic energy need, export volume of China's coal decreases year by year while
import amount increases step by step. Since China became a net coal importing
country in 2009,
its net
import volume created new high in 2012 to reach
285 million ton.
Coal districts in China concentrates comparatively with more than half in “Three
Xi” areas (Shanxi province, Shaanxi province and West Part of Inner Mongolia). In
recently years, production of raw coal in Inner Mongolia experiences a rapid
growth to reach 601 million ton in 2009. For the first time, Inner Mongolia exceeds
Shanxi to be the top province in coal output in China. The production of raw coal in
Inner Mongolia reached 980 million ton in 2011 [ 6 ]. China's coal is mainly used in
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