Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 2.1
China's primary energy production from 1978 to 2010 (Source: China Energy Statistical
Yearbook)
Table 2.1
Energy self-sufficiency rate and net imported energy in selected countries
Energy self-sufficiency rate (%)
Net imported energy/Mtoe
2000
2008
2010
2000
2008
2010
China
96
92
91.4
47.2
193.5
368
US
72.8
74.7
77.8
607.7
631.6
534
Japan
20.1
17.7
19.5
427.8
415.7
409
Germany
39.4
39.8
40.1
205.7
211.4
203
UK
40.1 56.7 61
France 51.9 51 51.7 132.6 140.5 132
Italia 16.3 15.5 17.5 152.4 154.9 148
Russia 157 183 184.3
408.8
544.4
579
India 79 76 74.8 31.7 150.0 181
Brazil 77 92 92.9 38.9 24.8 -
Korea 18.3 19.7 18.0 165.7 194 221
OECD 71.8 70.8 71.8 1532 1774.3 3879
Source: IEA, Energy Balances of OECD Countries, Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries
Note: TOE is the abbreviation of ton of oil equivalent
116.5
80.5
73.5
Nevertheless, natural gas and renewable energies have grown quickly while
petroleum production remains stagnant, due to limited resources.
The share of natural gas has increased from 3 % in 2005 to 4.2 % in 2010 in the
mix of energy production, and the share of primary electricity consisting of
hydropower, nuclear power and renewable energy such as wind and solar has
increased from 7.4 % in 2005 to 9.4 % in 2010.
The share of low-carbon and carbon-free energy in the production structure
increased by 3.2 % (see Fig.
2.3
).
