Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 10.3
2050 EU commission emissions reduction target (European commission, “a roadmap
for moving to a competitive low carbon economy in 2050”)
GHG emissions reduction target based on that of 1990
2005 (%)
2030 (%)
2050 (%)
Total
7
40 to
44
79 to
82
Department
Power
7
54 to
68
93 to
99
Industry
20
34 to
40
83 to
87
Transportation(including aviation, not shipping)
+30
+20 to
9
54 to
67
Residence and services
12
37 to
53
88 to
91
Agriculture (Non CO
2
)
20
36 to
37
42 to
49
Other non CO
2
GHG emissions
30
72 to
73
70 to
78
10.4
Competition and Friction in Climate Change, Clean
and Renewable Energy
10.4.1 Spill-Over Effect of EU Emissions Reduction Policies
on Chinese Industry and Policies
EU made its 2012 emissions reduction target of 8 % based on that of 1990 in the
Kyoto Protocol
30
while a new 2020 target of 25-40 % on the basis of 1990s during
the Copenhagen and Cancun Conferences
31
and another specific industry emissions
reduction roadmap in 2011
32
(Table
10.3
). Flights in and out of the EU are also
included in the EU emissions trading system, which inadvertently set an emissions
quota for the developing countries as well, including China.
The EU established emissions trading system (EU ETS) according to Kyoto
Protocol. 2003/97/EC order issued in 2003 and put into action effective January 1,
2005, aimed to regulate GHG of 12,000 industrial emitters. The revised 2008/101/ED
issued on July 8, 2008, and effective from February 3, 2009, included aviation into
the ETS. It stipulates all the flights from and to EU member countries shall be
included in the ETS with the specific requirements of the emissions quota aggregates,
quota distribution, implementation procedure, tons and miles, Measurable, Report-
able and Verifiable (MRV) of emissions data and violation punishment. Chinese
30
UN, UNFCCC Kyoto Protocol, 1998, P23
31
Council of the European Union,“Compilation of EU statements” at First part of the sixteenth
session of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Further Commitments for Annex I Parties under the
Kyoto Protocol (AWG-KP 16) and first part of the fourteenth session of the Ad Hoc Working
Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the Convention (AWG-LCA 14) (Bangkok, 3-8
April 2011), Brussels, 15 April 2011.
http://register.consilium.europa.eu/pdf/en/11/st09/st09011.
32
European Commission, “A Roadmap For Moving To A Competitive Low Carbon Economy In
2050”, Communication From The Commission To The European Parliament, The Council, The
European Economic And Social Committee And The Committee Of The Regions,Brussels,
8.3.2011,Com(2011) 112 Final,
http://ec.europa.eu/clima/documentation/roadmap/docs/com_
