Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
6.4.3 The Main Measures of Water Pollution Prevention and
Control During the 11th Five-Year Plan
6.4.3.1 Prevention and Control of Water Pollution in Key River Valleys
Water pollution is the most serious problem of the hydrological environment at
present in China and was also the top priority of the national environmental
protection work during the 11th Five-Year Plan. During the 11th Five-Year Plan,
the key areas for water pollution control are scattered throughout 23 provinces,
cities directly under central government control and autonomous regions. These
areas include the Huaihe, Haihe, Liaohe and Songhua rivers, the reaches of the
Yellow River, the Three Gorges Reservoir area and upstream, Lake Chao, Lake
Taihu, Lake Dianchi, and 11 water areas that form source of the South-to-North
Water Diversion Project. The key areas cover about 275 km
2
, the total water
resources are 812.87 billion square meters and the total population in the area is
about 788 million. During the 11th Five-Year Plan period, China implemented the
special planning and implementation assessment system of the prevention and
control of water pollution in key river valleys and conducted the strict checking
system of total pollutant emissions reduction.
During the 11th Five-Year Plan, China's water environment continued to
improve in key areas. By the end of 2009, the completion rate of planned projects
in the Huaihe, Haihe and Liaohe rivers reached 79.4 %, 72.7 % and 48.6 %,
respectively, surpassing the goal for project completion rate at the end of the 11th
Five-Year Plan period a year in advance. The monitoring results showed that the
water environment has continued to improve in key areas, such as the three rivers
and three lakes, the Three Gorges Reservoir area, the Songhua River, and the
reaches of the Yellow River. Comparing the data in 2009 with that of 2005, the
water quality of the Lake Cao area did not change. The number of sections with
first-grade water quality increased in proportion to those with third-grade water
quality in the Huaihe, Haihe Liaohe and Songhua rivers, the Three Gorges Reser-
voir area, and the reaches of the Yellow River. Of the 156 assessment sections, the
water quality in 125 sections reached the standard, accounting for 80.1 % in all [
8
].
6.4.3.2 Breakthroughs Made in Key Technologies of Source-Control
Emissions Reduction
During the 11th Five-Year Plan, water pollution control and management focused
on source-control emissions reduction, making breakthroughs in key technological
fields. These fields include: emissions reduction in heavily polluting industries,
agricultural non-point source pollution control, safe and clean processing of drink-
ing water, water quality target management, and providing technological support
with prevention and control planning and key projects in the key areas, such as the
three rivers and the three lakes.
During the 11th Five-Year Plan, the special project of water pollution prevention
named six subjects, 33 projects and 238 tasks, focusing on the key areas of the three
rivers, the three lakes, a river and a reservoir. The total fund investment was
