Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
It focuses on self-operations facilitated by overseas cooperation to obtain
technologies by opening up domestic markets and introduce advanced foreign
technologies, while making innovations at home to realize independent designs,
equipment manufacturing and operations and management of advanced pressurized
water reactor nuclear power stations.
China believes that the development of advanced pressurized water reactor
nuclear power stations of 1,000 MW should develop in three steps of “thermal
reactor - fast reactor - controlled nuclear fusion.”
Accordingly China's nuclear program is getting back on track. The State Council has
approved in principle the long-term nuclear power development plan (2005-2020),”
which paved the way for the nation to relaunch its nuclear power projects.
To boost non-fossil fuel energy consumption, it is essential to develop nuclear
power.
5.1.3 Oil and Natural Gas
The domestic oil and gas industry has experienced many challenges in recent years
due to the global financial crisis, fluctuating oil prices and abnormal political
conditions at home and abroad. However, the industry continues to develop.
Crude oil and natural gas production and consumption continue to rise, while
domestic oil and gas companies are ensuring a stable supply at home for steady
development of the economy.
5.1.3.1 Oil Industry
China is rich in oil but has sparse per capita storage capacity. By 2010, the country
holds a cumulative proven geographical deposit of 31.28 billion tons, of oil and gas
and with an extra technology recoverable reserve of 3.14 billion tons and an
economically recoverable reserve of 2.043 billion tons.
China has not fully explored its oil and gas resources, which are distributed in a
broad range of regions.
There are six oil and gas regions: the east region, mainly including the northeast
and North China; the middle region, mainly including Shanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and
Sichuan; the west region, mainly including Xinjiang, Qinghai and the west part of
Gansu; the south region, including Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong,
Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi; Tibet, including south of the
Kunlun Mountains; offshore oil and gas regions include the continental shelves
along the southeastern sea and the South China Sea [
2
].
Domestic Oil Supply and Demand Rising
As shown in Figure
5.2
, crude oil production keeps rising and by 2011 it reached
289.4 million tons with an annual increase of about 3.2 %.
Demand for oil increases rapidly as the economy is expanding. Apparent con-
sumption reached 0.65 billion tons in 2011. National oil reserves and processed oil
reserves developed and will soon be put into operations.
