Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 22.5
(
continued
)
Analytes
Analytical system
Green aspects
Reference
Brominated flame retardants
Pressurized hot water extraction with
solid-phase trap and on line liquid-
chromatography-gas chromatography
Water as extraction solvent; minimal use of
organic solvents
[111]
Organotin compounds
Accelerated solvent extraction and gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry
Sodium acetate and acetic acid in
methanol as extraction solvent
[112]
Speciation of butyl- and phenyltin
compounds
Accelerated solvent extraction and liquid
chromatography-inductively coupled plasma
mass spectrometry
Tropolone and acetic acid in methanol as
extraction solvent; reduce the extraction
time from several hours to just few minutes.
[113]
Organotin compounds
Headspace single-drop micro-extration with
gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Solvent-free compared with classical
liquid-liquid extractions; significantly less
expensive
[114]
Industrial and anthropogenic waste-
indicator compounds
Pressurized liquid extraction coupled with
solid-phase extraction and gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry
Reduced extraction time, and reduced
solvent volume
[115]
Persistent organochlorine pesticide
Headspace solid-phase microextraction and
gas chromatography with electron capture
detector
Cheap, solvent free, easy to automate
[116]
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
On-line coupled pressurized hot water
extraction, hollow fiber microporous
membrane liquid-liquid extraction and gas
chromatography with flame ionization
detector
Water as extraction solvent; low
consumption of organic solvents
[117]
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
(sediment certificate reference material)
Pressurized hot water extraction and gas
chromatograph-mass spectrometer
Water as extraction solvent; minimal use of
organic solvents
[118]
Semivolatile organic compounds,
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,
alkylated, polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons homolog groups
Pressurized liquid extraction coupled with
solid-phase extraction and gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry
Sample automation, reduced extraction
time, reduced solvent volume
[119]
