Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
(a)
W1
W2
SV
UP
Flow
EC1
EC2
AP
PP
IV
WB
W
OP
SL1
SL2
PC
DAD
(b)
W1
W3
C2
SV
C1
OP
MV
W2
Flow
FC
W4
MC
NaHCO
3
AV
PP
UP
DAD
EC1
EC2
WB
Figure 8.9
Flow injection manifolds for continuous ultrasound-assisted liquid-liquid extraction without phase
separation under ultrasound irradiation, and alternative monitoring of the irradiated and non-irradiated zones of
the extractant plug. AP, aqueous phase; DAD, diode array detector; EC, extraction coil; FC, Folin-Ciocalteu
reagent; IV, injection valve; MC, mixing coil; OP, organic phase; PC, personal computer; PP, peristaltic pump; SL,
sub-loop; SV, switching valve; UP, ultrasonic probe; W, waste; WB, water bath.
liquid-liquid extraction (USALLE). Figure 8.8 depicts the manifold used to extract paracetamol from
suppositories without phase separation; using ultrasound energy facilitated extraction and hydrolysis of the
target analyte, and enabling continuous monitoring of the overall process with a diode array (DAD) instrument
[49]. The manifolds in Figure 8.9 are somewhat more complex. Figure 8.9(a) shows the dynamic system used
to monitor the irradiated and non-irradiated zone of organic phase enriched with analyte from the aqueous
