Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 2. (Continued)
Common name
Scientific name
Conventional tillage
Winter annuals
Field pennycress
Thlaspi arvense
L.
Volunteer crops
Barley
Hordeum vulgare
L.
Lentil
Lens culinaris
L
Pea
Pisum sativum
L.
Sunflower
Helianthus annuus
L.
Rye
Secale cereale
L.
Ubiquitous across tillage systems
Annuals
Barnyardgrass
Echinochloa crus-galli
(L.) Beauv.
Common chickweed
Stellaria media
(L.) Vill.
Cowcockle
Vaccaria pyramidata
Medicus
Nightflowering catchfly
Silene noctiflora
L.
Prostrate knotweed
Polygonum aviculare
L.
Round-leaved mallow
Malva pusilla
Sm.
Wild oat
Avena fatua
L.
Winter annual
Flixweed
Descurainia sophia
(L.) Webb. ex Prantl
Volunteer crops
Oilseed rape
Brassica napus
L.
Linseed
Linum usitatissimum
L.
Mustard
Brassica juncea
L.
Wheat
Triticum aestivum
L.
Species ubiquitous across tillage systems represented the remaining 17%.
Despite more than one-half of all weeds being associated with minimum-zero
tillage, most of these weeds were not new weeds to these agricultural systems
but they increased in density and distribution with the adoption of reduced
tillage cropping practices.
All perennial species were more strongly associated with minimum-zero
tillage than with conventional tillage (Tab. 2). Canada thistle, perennial
sowthistle and quackgrass were present in all tillage systems but their densi-
ties often increased with zero tillage. Others, such as dandelion and foxtail bar-
ley (
Hordeum jubatum
L.), exhibited large increases in density with zero
tillage. Native species, such as Canada goldenrod (
Solidago canadensis
L.)
and rose (
Rosa
spp), rarely occurred with conventional tillage but became
increasingly prevalent with time in zero tillage systems.
Biennial weeds have been predicted to increase with reduced tillage and this
occurred in our study. Biennial wormwood (
Artemisia biennis
Willd.), yellow
sweetclover [
Melilotus officinalis
(L.) Lam.] and western salsify (
Tragopogon
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