Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
phenotypic plasticity in a wild bird
population.
Science,
310
, 304-306.
Ohguchi, O. (1978) Experiments on the
selection against colour oddity of water
fleas by three-spined sticklebacks.
Zeitschrift
für Tierpsychologie,
47
, 254-267.
Olsson, M., Madsen, T. & Shine, R. (1997) Is
sperm really so cheap? Costs of reproduction
in male adders,
Vipera berus
.
Proceedings of
the Royal Society of London, Series B,
264
,
455-459.
Orians, G.H. (1969) On the evolution of
mating systems in birds and mammals.
American Naturalist,
103
, 589-603.
Oring, L.W. (1982) Avian mating systems.
In:
Avian Biology
(eds D.S. Farner & J.R.
King), Vol. 6. Pp. 1-92. Academic Press,
London.
Osborne, K.A., Robichon, A., Burgess, E.,
et al
.
(1997) Natural behaviour polymorphism
due to a cGMP-dependent protein kinase of
Drosophila
.
Science,
277
, 834-836.
Owen, D.F. (1954) The winter weights of
titmice.
Ibis,
96
, 299-309.
Owens, I.P.F. & Bennett, P.M. (1997) Variation
in mating systems among birds: ecological
basis revealed by hierarchical comparative
analysis.
Proceedings of the Royal Society of
London, Series B,
264
, 1103-1110.
Owens, I.P.F. & Hartley, I.R. (1998) Sexual
dimorphism in birds: why are there so many
different forms of dimorphism?
Proceedings
of the Royal Society of London, Series B,
265
,
397-407.
Owen-Smith, N. (1977) On territoriality in
ungulates and an evolutionary model.
Quarterly Review of Biology,
52
, 1-38.
Packer, C. (1977) Reciprocal altruism in
Papio
anubis. Nature,
265
, 441-443.
Packer, C. & Pusey, A.E. (1983a) Male
takeovers and female reproductive
parameters: a simulation of oestrus
synchrony in lions (
Panthera leo
).
Animal
Behavior,
31
, 334-340.
Packer, C. & Pusey, A.E. (1983b) Adaptations
of female lions to infanticide by incoming
males.
Packer, C., Gilbert, D.A., Pusey, A.E. & O'Brien,
S.J. (1991) A molecular genetic analysis of
kinship and cooperation in African lions.
Nature,
351
, 562-565.
Pagel, M. (1993) Honest signalling among
gametes.
Nature,
363
, 539-541.
Pagel, M. (1994) Detecting correlated
evolution on phylogenies: a general method
for the comparative analysis of discrete
characters.
Proceedings of the Royal Society
of London, Series B,
255
, 37-45.
Pagel, M. & Meade, A. (2006) Bayesian
analysis of correlated evolution of discrete
characters by reversible-jump Markov
chain Monte Carlo.
American Naturalist,
167
, 808-825.
Paley, W. (1802)
Natural Theology
. Wilks &
Taylor.
Palmer, A.R. (1999) Detecting publication
bias in meta-analysis: a case study of
fluctuating asymmetry and sexual selection.
American Naturalist
,
154
, 220-233.
Parker, G.A. (1970a) Sperm competition and
its evolutionary effect on copula duration
in the fly
Scatophaga stercoraria
.
Journal of
Insect Physiology,
16
, 1301-1328.
Parker, G.A. (1970b) The reproductive
behaviour and the nature of sexual
selection in
Scatophaga stercoraria
L.
(Diptera: Scatophagidae). II. The
fertilization rate and the spatial and
temporal relationships of each sex around
the site of mating and oviposition.
Journal
of Animal Ecology,
39
, 205-228.
Parker, G.A. (1970c) Sperm competition and
its evolutionary consequences in the
insects.
Biological Reviews
,
45
, 525-567.
Parker, G.A. (1979) Sexual selection and
sexual conflict. In:
Sexual Selection and
Reproductive Competition in Insects
(eds M.S.
Blum & N.A. Blum). pp. 123-166.
Academic Press, New York.
Parker, G.A. (1982) Why are there so many
tiny sperm? Sperm competition and the
maintenance of two sexes.
Journal of
Theoretical Biology
,
96
, 281-294.
Parker, G.A. (2006) Sexual conflict over
mating and fertilisation: an overview.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
Society of London. Series B,
361
, 235-
259.
American
Naturalist,
121
,
716-728.
Packer, C., Scheel, D. & Pusey, A.E. (1990)
Why lions form groups: food is not enough.
American Naturalist,
136
, 1-19.
