Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
(a)
(b)
(c)
Fig. 4.14
Müllerian mimicry. In each case, populations of distantly related species
converge on the same brightly coloured warning pattern within a single locality but the
patterns vary across their range. (a) North American millipedes of the
Apheloria
clade
(top row) and their mimics in the
Brachoria
clade (below) in three geographical regions.
Photo © Paul Marek. (b)
Heliconius erato
(top row) and its mimic
Heliconius melpomene
(bottom row) in three geographical regions of the neotropics. Photo © Bernard D'Abrera
and James Mallet. (c) Peruvian
Ranitomeya
(
Dendrobates
) frogs from two regions.
Ranitomeya imitator
(left in both panels) and its mimics
R. summersi
(left panel) and
R. ventrimaculata
(right panel). Photo © Jason Brown. From Merrill and Jiggins (2009).