Case Study of a Full Scale RFERS in Service - Rigidly Framed Earth Retaining Structures - page 75

Except for the south sensor at the roof level, where measurements across the
summer season show a wider scatter of displacement vs. temperature, the
calculated values of

α fall within a close range of each other, and of the values

s

α

of . The average values over the four seasons for both sensors are

approximately 46% smaller than the average value of the average coefficient of
thermal expansion of concrete. This demonstrates that the seasonal values of
thermal movements of open concrete buildings may be adequately determined
using the average CTE of concrete, provided no additional mass and restraint from
concrete walls is imposed.
More information about the effect of structural restraint on the observed annual
and seasonal ACTE is available in Aboumoussa and Iskander (2003) and Iskander
et al. (2012c).

A

Table 4.3 Ranges of Temperature for analysis ofSeaonal Movements

Sensor Side South South

Sensor Level Roof Level C

Summer Season 35.0 ° C to 19.1 ° C 24.0 ° C to 17.6 ° C

Spring/Fall Season

19.0°C to 3.3°C 17.5°C to 1.2°C

Winter Season 3.2 ° C to -12.5 ° C 1.1 ° C to -15.1 ° C

Table 4.4 Seasonal Apparent Coefficients of Thermal Expansion

Sensor Side South South

Sensor Level Roof Level C

Summer 0.0466 0.0709

Spring / Fall 0.0794 0.0751

Winter 0.0733 0.0657

Average 0.0681 0.0693