Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
unrestrained concrete specimens with various aggregates, cement pastes and steel
reinforcement (Callan 1952, Zoldners 1968, Berwanger 1968), and may prove to
be overestimated when applied to concrete in service, which typically has some
amount of restraint in the case of rigidly framed structures. The results of the
thermal study are presented first, followed by the data obtained from the VW
sensors installed in the north-south direction.
4.3.2.1 Thermal Study of Structure: Sensors Normal to Expansion Joint
The study of the thermal movements of the structure shown herein was performed
using the expansion joint movements recorded by the two sensors installed at the
southern side of the building at level C and roof slabs for a period of one year. The
data consisted of approximately 7,180 displacement and corresponding
temperature readings for each sensor, resulting in a total number of utilized
measurements of 28,720.
Table 4.1
Range of Annual Movements
Sensor Side
South
South
Sensor Level
Roof
C
Number of Readings
7181
7180
Displacement Range, mm
14.01
15.51
Max. Displacement, mm
3.97
6.5
Min. Displacement, mm
-10.04
-9.01
Mean Displacement, mm
-1.72
-0.29
Displ. Std Deviation, mm
3.08
3.24
Max. Temperature,
°
C
34.85
34
Min. Temperature,
°
C
-12.38
-15.1
13.92
13.14
Mean Temperature, °C
Temp. StdDeviation,
°
C
10.25
9.47
4.3.2.1.1 Annual Range of Movements
The yearly movement and temperature measurements obtained from the VW
transducers are shown in Fig. 4.20, and summarized in Table 4.1. A positive
displacement indicates joint expansion, and a negative displacement indicates
contraction. The roof level sensor installed on the south side of the building
indicated a range of movement of 14.01 mm (0.55 in), over a temperature range of
47
F), and level C sensor installed on the south side underwent a range of
movement of 15.51 mm, (o.61 in) over a temperature range of 49
°
C (85
°
°
C (88
°
F).
