Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
20-bay frames (with the same length) shown in Fig. B.3 and B.12 earlier, we find
that the pressure shown in the latter two figures is substantially larger for both 20-
bay frames. Additionally, the horizontal wall movements for the latter frames are
substantially smaller than those of the 10-bay frame. These results indicate that the
magnitude of lateral earth pressure developed due to thermal expansion depends
of both the length and the lateral stiffness of the RFERS.
20
σ
hen1
σ
hen3
σ
hen10
Coulomb
ASCE 7-98
BOCA, SBC, IBC
K0
15
10
L
b
= 20 ft
φ
= 30
o
5
S
c
/S
b
= 1
0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
σ
h
, kips/ft
2
Fig. B.21
Lateral Earth Pressure at Expansion Cycle (φ = 30º, All Bays, L
b
=20 ft, S
c
/S
b
= 1)
The retaining wall bending moments found at the end of the initial backfill
stage and the last expansion cycle are shown in Fig. B.22 and B.23, respectively.
The bending moments developed in the wall portion of the single and 3-bay
frames are found to be nearly equal for both analysis stages shown in the two fig-
ures below. The bending moment diagram for the wall of the 10-bay frame, on the
other hand, is found altered at the end of the last expansion cycle at the first floor
level. The magnitude of the bending is actually found to decrease by nearly 100%
at the first floor level, while remaining unchanged at the second floor.
The end column horizontal movements are presented in Fig. B.24 and B.25 for
the backfill stage and last expansion cycle, respectively.
The horizontal end column displacements at the end of the backfill stage shown
in Fig. B.24 are in-line with their counterparts found at the other end of the frames
and shown in Fig. B.19. At the end of the last expansion cycle, on the other hand,
the end column horizontal position is found to vary from that of the retaining wall
at the other end of the frame. The position of the end column at the end of the last
expansion cycle of the 10-bay frame, for instance, is found to be similar to the end
column of the 3-bay frame, despite the frame differences.
The end column bending moments developed at the end of the backfill stage
and the last expansion cycle are shown in Fig. B.26 and B.27 respectively.
