Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
increase of the expansion and contraction length of the frame. However, the end
column horizontal displacement is also related to the lateral stiffness of the frame
and the stiffness of the retained soil mass as was shown earlier for structures
retaining the backfill with a 30º internal friction angle.
10
8
U
hn1
U
hn3
U
hn6
U
hn10
U
hn15
U
hn20
6
L
b
= 10 ft
φ
4
= 40
o
2
S
c
/S
b
= 1
0
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
Horizontal End Column Movement, U
h
, ft
10
8
U
hen1
U
hen3
U
hen6
U
hen10
U
hen15
U
hen20
6
L
b
= 10 ft
φ
4
= 40
o
S
c
/S
b
= 1
2
0
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
Horizontal End Column Movement, U
h
, ft
Fig. A.38
End Column Horizontal Movements (φ = 40º, All Bays, L
b
=10 ft, S
c
/S
b
= 1)
The end column moment developed at the initial backfill stage and the last ex-
pansion cycle are shown in Fig. A.39. The top and bottom graphics of said figure
show a large variation in the moment between the two stages of analysis with the
variation of the rigid frame length and stiffness.
