Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
10
3 bays, L
b
= 10 ft
φ
8
= 30
o
M
a
M
ec1
M
cc1
M
ec2
M
cc2
M
ec3
S
c
/S
b
= 1
6
4
2
0
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
End Column Moment, M, kips-ft
10
3 bays, L
b
= 10 ft
φ
Q
a
Q
ec1
Q
cc1
Q
ec2
Q
cc2
Q
ec3
8
= 30
o
S
c
/S
b
= 1
6
4
2
0
-1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
End Column Shear Force, Q, kips
Fig. A.4
End Column Moment and Shear Diagrams (Three-Bay, L
b
= 10 ft, S
c
/S
b
= 1)
A.1.1.2 Three-Bay Frame (Bay Length, L
b
, 10 Feet, Column to Beam
Stiffness Ratio, S
c
/S
b
, of 4)
The analysis results for a three-bay frame with a bay length of 10-ft and a column
to beam stiffness ratio of 4 are presented herein. This frame has 3 times the overall
expansion (contraction) length of its single 10-ft-bay counterparts, and a lateral
stiffness 275% larger than the single bay frame with a column to beam stiffness
ratio of 4. The lateral stiffness of this frame is also nearly 5 times larger than its 3-
bay counterpart presented earlier.
Fig. A.5 presents the analysis results for the retaining wall portion of the rigid
frame. The retaining wall horizontal movement at backfill stage is the smallest of
all frames presented thus far, and the range of movement between the last expan-
sion cycle and the backfill stage is the largest. Furthermore, the rigid frame is
shown to move into the original plane of the retained soil mass during expansion,
unlike the less stiff RFERS analyzed earlier.
