Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
50
40
U
hen1
U
hen3
U
hen6
U
hen10
U
hen15
U
hen20
30
L
b
= 10 ft
φ
20
= 30
o
10
S
c
/S
b
= 4
0
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Horizontal Retaining Wall Movement, U
h
, ft
Fig. 9.48
Retaining Wall Movements at Expansion Cycle (φ = 30º, All Bays, L
b
=10 ft,
S
c
/S
b
= 4)
The wall movements are found to be substantially smaller than their
counterparts presented earlier for the frames with column to beam stiffness ratio of
1. Additionally, the magnitudes of the horizontal movements are within acceptable
practical limits for all frames except the single and 3-bay RFERS.
The effect of the temperature at the last expansion cycle is found to be
relatively significant, where the retaining walls of the 15 and 20-bay frames are
shown to undergo horizontal movements into the retained soil mass. The wall of
the 20-bay frame is additionally found to move beyond its original position in the
direction of the soil.
The lateral earth pressures developed at the end of the last expansion cycle for
this group of frames are shown in Fig. 9.49. The pressures found behind the
frames, except for the 15 and 20-bay frames, are found to vary between the active
pressure distribution determined in accordance with Coulomb's theory, and the
soil load prescribed by ASCE 7-98.
50
σ
hen1
σ
hen3
σ
hen6
σ
hen10
σ
hen15
σ
hen20
Coulomb
ASCE 7-98
BOCA, SBC, IBC
K0
40
30
L
b
= 10 ft
φ
20
= 30
o
10
S
c
/S
b
= 4
0
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
σ
h
, kips/ft
2
Fig. 9.49
Lateral Earth Pressure at Expansion Cycle (φ = 30º, All Bays, L
b
= 10 ft,
S
c
/S
b
= 4)
