Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
frames, on the other hand, are found to increase substantially at the end of the last
expansion cycle, compared with their counterparts at the initial backfill stage.
The end column horizontal movements are presented in Fig. 9.16 and 9.17 for
the initial backfill stage and the last expansion cycle, respectively.
30
25
U
hn1
U
hn3
U
hn6
U
hn10
U
hn15
U
hn20
20
15
L
b
= 10 ft
φ
= 30
o
10
5
S
c
/S
b
= 4
0
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
Horizontal End Column Movement, U
h
, ft
Fig. 9.16
End Column Movements at Backfill Stage (φ = 30º, All Bays, L
b
=10 ft,
S
c
/S
b
= 4)
30
25
U
hen1
U
hen3
U
hen6
U
hen10
U
hen15
U
hen20
20
15
L
b
= 10 ft
φ
10
= 30
o
5
S
c
/S
b
= 4
0
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
Horizontal End Column Movement, U
h
, ft
Fig. 9.17
End Column Movements at Expansion Cycle (φ = 30º, All Bays, L
b
=10 ft,
S
c
/S
b
= 4)
The horizontal displacements of all end columns are found to increase at the
end of the last expansion cycle. The magnitude of said increases vary with the
frame length or number of bays, with the largest change found for the 20-bay
frame to be nearly 8 times larger at the end of the expansion cycle compared to the
initial backfill stage. The end column horizontal displacement for the 20-bay
frame at the end of the expansion cycle is even larger than the 6-bay frame.
