Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
30
25
U
hen1
U
hen3
U
hen6
U
hen10
U
hen15
U
hen20
20
15
L
b
= 10 ft
φ
= 30
o
10
5
S
c
/S
b
= 4
0
-0.1
-0.05
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
Horizontal Retaining Wall Movement, U
h
, ft
Fig. 9.12
Retaining Wall Movements at Expansion Cycle (φ = 30º, All Bays, L
b
=10 ft,
S
c
/S
b
= 4)
The retaining wall horizontal movements for this group of frames with column
to beam stiffness ratio of 4 are substantially smaller than their counterparts for the
frames of lesser stiffness presented latterly. The 10, 15 and 20 bay frame are found
to displace into the soil mass during the last expansion cycle, while the horizontal
movements of the single, 3 and 6-bay frames are found to vary only slightly
between the initial backfill stage and the last expansion cycle. This behavior has
also been found for the single and two story RFERS with column to beam stiffness
ratios of 4. (Chapter 8 and Appendix B)
The lateral earth pressure developed behind the rigid frames at the end of the
last expansion cycle is shown in Fig. 9.13. The pressure magnitude and
distribution in the soil mass retained by the single bay, and the 3 and 6-bay
frames, is found to be comparable to the Coulomb's active earth pressure, and the
soil loads prescribed by the national American building codes.
30
σ
hen1
σ
hen3
σ
hen6
σ
hen10
σ
hen15
σ
hen20
Coulomb
ASCE 7-98
BOCA, SBC, IBC
K0
25
20
15
L
b
= 10 ft
φ
10
= 30
o
5
S
c
/S
b
= 4
0
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
σ
h
, kips/ft
2
Fig. 9.13
Lateral Earth Pressure at Expansion Cycle (
φ
= 30º, All Bays, L
b
=10 ft, S
c
/S
b
= 4)
