Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
The maximum shear force is also found to occur during the last expansion
cycle, but at the top of the wall. The magnitude of said force is nearly 80 times
larger than the shear developed during the contraction cycles, and approximately 7
times larger than its counterpart found at the end of the initial backfill stage.
The lateral earth pressure developed behind RFERS during the various analysis
cycles is shown in Fig. 8.33. The results are found to be similar to other frames
presented earlier with large expansion length and relatively large lateral stiffness.
The horizontal movements and bending moments for the end column of the 20-
bay frame are shown in Fig. 8.34. The column displacements with the temperature
changes are found to be fairly larger during the expansion cycles in the direction
away of the retained soil mass. This is practically a mirror image of the horizontal
displacements found at the retaining wall end of the frame where the retained soil
poses sufficient restraint to resist part of the expansion movements. The maximum
bending moment occurs at the top of the end column at the end of the last
expansion cycle, with a magnitude nearly 6 times larger than its counterpart found
at the end of the initial backfill stage, and approximately twice as large at the
moment developed during the expansion cycles.
10
20 bays,
8
L
b
= 10 ft
φ
= 30
o
6
S
c
/S
b
= 1
4
σ
'
a
σ
σ
'
ec2
σ
'
ec1
σ
'
cc1
'
cc2
σ
'
ec3
2
0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
'
h
, kips/ft
2
σ
Fig. 8.33
Retaining Wall Earth Pressure (Twenty-Bay, L
b
=10 ft, S
c
/S
b
= 1)
