Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
The lateral earth pressure developed behind the retaining wall at the various
analysis cycles is shown in Fig. 8.23. The earth pressure developed during the
initial backfill stage and the contraction cycles is found to be substantially smaller
than the pressure found during the expansion cycles. Furthermore, the earth
pressure distribution during the expansion cycles is not triangular in shape as
stipulated by classical earth pressure theories, given that the wall movements into
the soil mass are larger at the top of the wall than at its bottom.
The end column horizontal movements, shown in Fig. 8.24, are in line with the
horizontal wall movements at the other end of the frame. This is attributed to the
relatively small effect of the backfill soil restraint at the wall end of the rigid
frame, evident from the frame movements into the soil mass at the various
temperature cycles.
10
10 bays
8
L
b
= 10 ft
φ
=
30
o
U
ha
U
hec1
U
hcc1
U
hec2
U
h
cc
2
U
hec3
6
S
c
/S
b
= 4
4
2
0
-0.03
-0.02
-0.01
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
Horizontal End Column Movement, U
h
, ft
10
10 bays
8
L
b
= 10 ft
φ
M
a
M
ec1
M
c
c1
M
ec2
M
cc2
M
ec3
=
30
o
6
S
c
/S
b
= 4
4
2
0
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
End Column Moment, M, kips-ft
Fig. 8.24
End Column Analysis Results (Ten-Bay, L
b
= 10 ft, S
c
/S
b
= 4)
