Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
expand due to plastic straining. Additionally, both shear and compression
hardening are included in the formulation of the HS model, and the stress
dependency of the soil stiffness is also accounted for. For more information on the
Hardening Soil model, the reader is referred to Schanz (1998), and to the Material
Models Manual accompanying the analysis software
Plaxis.
6.3.3.2 Numerical Analysis Results (Part 3)
The horizontal retaining wall and end-column movements obtained from the
analysis are presented firstly in Fig. 6.9. The analysis included 4 expansion cycles
and 3 contraction cycles, after the initial backfill stage, or an additional two
cycles compared to the analysis presented in part 2 earlier.
36
Roof
U
ha
U
hec1
U
hcc1
U
hec2
U
hcc2
U
hec3
U
hcc3
U
hec4
Level D
27
Level C
18
Level B
9
Level A
0
-0.05
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
Horizontal Retaining Wall Movement, U
h
, ft
36
Roof
U
ha
U
hec1
U
hcc1
U
hec2
U
hcc2
U
hec3
U
hcc3
U
hec4
Level D
27
Level C
18
Level B
9
Level A
0
-0.1
-0.05
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
Horizontal End Column Movement, U
h
, ft
Fig. 6.9
Horizontal Retaining Wall and End Column Movements (Hardening-Soil Backfill)
Fig. 6.9 indicates that the maximum end-column horizontal movement of 0.2 ft
at the end of the fourth expansion cycle is in-line with the displacement obtained
from field surveys of the actual structure. The retaining wall and end column
movements with temperature change are also qualitatively similar to the
movements measured in the field, and discussed in chapter 4, where both the wall
