Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
that the politics of calculation occur differently on either side of the international
border. In Canada, the tidelands are deemed “incalculable”. In the U.S., the
tidelands are “open” but under strict control. In both situations, ecocolonization
occurs as the process of harvesting shifts from an inherent right to a conditional
right, and extraterritorial pollution inputs and degraded habitats limit access to a
culturally relevant food source.
I suggest the need to decolonize our understanding of calculative techniques as
it relates to ecosystem management, and offer a more nuanced interpretation of
space that accounts for both traditional boundaries and ecosystems. The following
questions can serve as next steps in this project:
How could the Indigenous practice of shellfish harvesting be characterized as
a “right” in the Canadian context?
What will it take to minimize the impacts of public safety problems on the
exercise of these rights (i.e. increased monitoring and sampling, compensation
for degraded habitat, improved access, stronger anti-contamination laws,
coordinated harvesting arrangements with other First Nations)?
Will the development of the governing bodies such as the Coast Salish
Gathering and cartographic constructs such as the Salish Sea contribute to the
decolonization through discursive means?
Examining such issues would contribute to wider discussions of decolonizing
space, and help communities such as the Coast Salish advocate for legal access to
the resources that are necessary for their traditional way of life. Great need remains
for revised policies, management plans, and longer-term conservation planning.
However, asking the question “who's counting?” is a step towards addressing issues
related to environmental justice, ecosystem management, and Indigenous rights.
In the next chapter, I investigate the counter-hegemonic practices of, and
counter-narratives produced from, the Indigenous-led Coast Salish Gathering. This
investigation helps to answer the third question related to the possibility of
decolonization through discursive means, in addition to the wider questions related
to increased self-determination and governance.
Notes
1
Thanks to the Royal Geographic Society for permission to reprint portions of the article
by Norman (2013) Who's counting? Spatial politics, ecocolonization, and the politics
of calculation in Boundary Bay, and for permission to reprint Figure 5.1.
2
See Sparke, 1998; Barman 1999; Clayton, 2000; Harris, 2002; Heynen, 2003; Miller,
2006; Simpson, 2007; Kauanui, 2008; Holifield et al. , 2009; Huhndorf, 2009.
3
For exceptions see Demeritt, 2001; Nadasdy, 2004, 2005.
4
Mitchell, 1991, 1999, 2002; Braun, 2000; Hannah, 2000, 2009; Duncan, 2002;
Crampton and Elden, 2006; Elden, 2006, 2007; Ettlinger, 2011; Rose-Redwood, 2012.
5
Suttles, 1954, 1974, 1990; Verma, 1956; Allen, 1976; Boxberger and Miller, 1997;
Harmon, 2000; Kennedy, 2007; Angelbeck, 2009.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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