Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
Figure
9.20.
Plastic mulch to control loss of water by evaporation in drip irrigation in straw-
berry production in Florida. Plastic pipe in the left middle of the picture is part of the drip irriga-
tion system.
9.12
CONCLUSIONS
Both soil and water are essential for food production and cannot be separated from one
another. Soil texture determines how well it holds water and nutrients for plants.
Organic matter improves soil's ability to support crop production and is an input avail-
able to all farmers. The arrangement of horizons will also affect the growth or crops and
in some cases may dictate the types of crops that can be grown. The fertility status of
soil must be analyzed to determine which and how must of each are needed. Conserving
soil by preventing or controlling erosion by either water or wind is important to main-
tain a soil's productivity.
Water used in food production often comes from rain, and this is the best source.
Excess water can be used for irrigation, provided it will be replaced and the water does
not contain any limiting components such as high-salt content or toxic elements.
Irrigation systems throughout the world are varied, but generally only the most
water-efficient systems should be used, unless the area receives very large amounts
of rain. Irrigation, no matter where it is used, must have technical support to success-
fully maintain it long term. This not only entails maintenance of the irrigation system
but also testing both soil and water to determine salt contents.
QUESTIONS
1.
Explain how soil is basic to all life on Earth.
2.
What are the basic, observable characteristics of soil that are used to differentiate
one soil type from another?
