HIGH-VALENT Cr, Mn, AND Fe SPECIES - Oxidation of Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins: Kinetics and Mechanism - page 301

TABLE 6.1. Death Resistance after Cr(VI) Exposure

Mode of
Inducing Cr(VI)
Resistance

Cr(VI)
Transport Status

Model System Resistant Phenotype Reference

Single exposure
selection

Chinese hamster
mutant cells

Dependent Reduced uptake of labeled sulfate [168]

Chronic
exposure

Chinese hamster
ovary cells

Dependent Enhanced long-term survival Cr(VI)-speciic

resistance

[169]

Chronic
exposure

293 embryonic
kidney cells

Dependent Sensitive to density-dependent growth inhibition.

Grew slower than wild-type (WT) cells. Cr(VI)-
speciic resistance

[172]

Single exposure
selection

BJ-hTERT human
foreskin
ibroblasts

Independent Enhanced clonogenic survival p53 independent,

increased Bcl-X gene expression, increased XPF
gene expression; phenotype not Cr(VI)-speciic.
Cells also display resistance to H 2 O 2

[170]

Genetic deletion
of ATM

Human dermal
ibroblasts

Independent Resistant to Cr(VI)-induced apoptosis, display

increased sensitivity to Cr(VI)-induced
clonogenic lethality

[166]

Genetic deletion
of MMR
genes

Human colon
HCT116 and
DLD1 cells , and
mouse embryonic
ibroblasts

Independent Enhanced clonogenic survival, resistant to

Cr(VI)-induced apoptosis, p53-independent
Cr(VI)-speciic resistance

[165]

Chronic
exposure

Human bronchial
epithelial cell line,
BEAS-2B

Data not
provided

Decreased clonogenic eficiency, altered cellular
morphology and growth pattern, upregulated
expression of DNA repair genes, upregulated
expression of survival genes, Aneuploidy

[171]

Adapted from Nickens et al. [129] with the permission of Elsevier Inc.