REACTIVE SPECIES - Oxidation of Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins: Kinetics and Mechanism - page 4

TABLE 1.2. Misfolded Proteins and Their Associated Neurodegenerative Diseases
Protein(s) Disease(s) Lesion(s)

Aβ and tau protein AD, Down's syndrome Senile plaques, NFTs

α-Synuclein Parkinson's disease, dementia

with Lewy bodies

Lewy bodies and Lewy
neurites

Tau protein FTLD Tau inclusions

PrP Transmissible prion disease Amyloid plaques and prion

rods

Huntington HD Intranuclear inclusions

ABri/ADan and
tau protein

British and Danish familial
dementias

Amyloid plaques and NFTs

SOD-1 Motor neuron disease SOD-1 inclusions

TDP-43 FTLD, motor neuron disease Intracellular inclusions

Mutations in the genes encoding these proteins invariably give rise to familial forms of neurode-
generative disease.
Aβ, amyloid β-peptide; ADan, Danish dementia peptide; SOD-1, superoxide dismutase 1; TDP-43,
TAR DNA-binding protein 43; NFT, neurofibrillary tangle.
Adapted from Allsop et al. [26] with the permission of the Biochemical Society.

Figure 1.1. Scheme of oxidative stress biochemistry and neurotoxicity. HNE, 4-hydroxy-
2-nonenal; ONE, 4-oxo-2-nonenal (adapted from Sayre et al. [23] with the permission
of the American Chemical Society).