Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
figure 4.21 Vertical-braided hose.
surrounded by a
carcass
(usually braided) and cover, as shown earlier
in Figure 4.17. The type of carcass braiding used is determined by the
requirements of the application. To reinforce a hose, two types of braid-
ing are used:
vertical
and
horizontal
. Vertical braiding strengthens the
hose against pressure applied at right angles to the centerline of the
hose. Horizontal braiding strengthens the hose along its length, giving it
greater resistance to expansion and contraction. Descriptions of the types
of nonmetallic hose follow, with references to their general applications.
4.11.3.3.1 vertical-Braided hose
Vertical-braided hose has an inner tube of seamless rubber (see
Figure 4.21). The reinforcing wrapping (carcass) around the tube is made
of one or more layers of braided yarn. This type of hose is usually made
in lengths of up to 100 ft with inner diameters of up to 1.5 in. Considered
a small hose, it is used in low-pressure applications to carry fuel oil;
acetylene gas and oxygen for welding; water for lawns, gardens, and
other household uses; and paint for spraying.
4.11.3.3.2 horizontal-Braided hose
Horizontal-braided hose is mandrel built; it is used to make hose
with an I.D. of up to 3 in. Used in high-pressure applications, the seam-
less rubber tube is reinforced by one or more layers of braided fibers or
wire. This hose is used to carry propane and butane gas and steam and
for various hydraulic applications that require high working pressures.
4.11.3.3.3 reinforced horizontal Braided-Wire hose
In this type of hose, the carcasses around the seamless tube are
made up of two or more layers of fiber braid with steel wire reinforce-
ment between them. The I.D. may be up to 4 in. Mechanically very strong,
this hose is used where there are high working pressures or strong
suction (vacuum) forces, such as in chemical transfer and petroleum
applications.
4.11.3.3.4 Wrapped hose
Made in diameters up to 24 in., wrapped hose is primarily used for
pressure service rather than suction. The hose is constructed of man-
drels to close tolerances (see Figure 4.22). It also has a smooth bore,
