Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Spigot
Bell
figure 4.10 Bell-and-spigot ends of clay pipe sections.
circular concrete sewer and culvert pipe, however, flexible, watertight,
rubber joints are used to join pipe sections. The general advantages of
concrete pipe include the following:
•
It is relatively inexpensive to manufacture.
•
It can withstand relatively high internal pressure or external loads.
•
It has high resistance to corrosion (internal and external).
•
Generally, when installed properly, it has a very long, trouble-free
life.
Bedding requirements during installation are minimal.
•
Disadvantages of concrete pipe include:
•
It is very heavy and thus expensive to ship long distances.
•
Its weight makes special handling equipment necessary.
•
Exact pipes and fittings must be laid out in advance for installation
(AWWA, 1996).
4.9.1.2.1 nonreinforced Concrete Pipe
Nonreinforced concrete pipe, or ordinary concrete pipe, is manu-
factured in from 4 to 24 inches. As in vitrified clay pipe, nonreinforced
concrete pipe is made with bell-and-spigot ends. Nonreinforced concrete
pipe is normally used for small wastewater (sewer) lines and culverts.
4.9.1.2.2 reinforced Concrete Pipe
All concrete pipe made in sizes larger that 24 inches is reinforced;
however, reinforced pipe can also be obtained in sizes as small as 12
inches. Reinforced concrete pipe is used for water conveyance (cylinder
pipe) and carrying wastewater, stormwater, and industrial wastes. It is also
used in culverts. It is manufactured by wrapping high-tensile-strength
wire or rods about a steel cylinder that has been lined with cement mor-
tar. Joints are either bell-and-spigot or tongue-and-groove in sizes up to
30 inches and exclusively tongue-and-groove above that size.
4.9.1.2.3 reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Pipe
When concrete piping is to be used for heavy-load, high-pressure
applications (up to 600 psi), it is strengthened by reinforcement and pre-
stressing. Prestressed concrete pipe is reinforced by steel wire, rods, or
