Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 3. Carbon emission of relevant elements
Elements
Item
Emission of CO
2
Annotation
Transportation
plane
Economic class: 0.0912128 CO
2
per kilometer
Business class: 0.1368193 kg CO
2
per kilometer
First class: 0.1824257 kg CO
2
per kilometer
Choosing proper transportation
vehicle to achieve minimal car-
bon emission according to mile
distance, time allowance and
route design etc.
train
0.0086467 kg CO
2
per kilometer
ship
0.0101901 kg CO
2
per kilometer
Car, and motor-
cycle
Petrol:2.251485 kg CO
2
per liter Diesel:2.700633 kg CO
2
per liter
bus
0.128009 kg CO
2
per kilometer
Trolley bus
0.0099382 kg CO
2
per kilometer
metro
0.0022907 kg CO
2
per kilometer
Energy
electricity
0.9043807 kg CO
2
every degree
Selecting suitable energy ac-
cording to population and usage
to mix the application of various
energies to realize minimize
carbon emission.
Natural gas
2.165015 kg CO
2
per square meter
gas
0.70673 kg CO
2
per square meter
Kerosene
3.151713 kg CO
2
per kilogram
Coal
1.973984 kg CO
2
per kilogram
LPG
2.953847 kg CO
2
kg every cube
Coal heating
47.64812 kg CO
2
every square meter
Gas heating
32.59689 kg CO
2
every square meter
Construction
environmental frie
ndly materials
To calculate various constructive
landscapes according to relevant
criteria of low-carbon environ-
mental friendly design
hollow wall and roof insulation layer
Wind-prevention device, double glass window, solar power facility etc
Various energy-saving electronic devices
Notes: 1. Mainland of China has average 2.7 tons of CO
2
per year.
2. Recycle energy includes solar, wind, water, ground-source heat and tide power.
ter, environmental-friendly electromobile,
steamer and carriage etc. Moreover, in-
creasing some vegetation transition zones
can help to cut the pollution results from
automobile exhaust to offer adequate time
and space for self-rehabilitation of ecologi-
cal natural environment in scenic spot.
teraction between the tourism areas with
visitors.
Besides traditional brochure and guide pam-
phlet, tourism area can adopt high technology such
as mobile communication and internet technology
etc., to convey the guiding messages of scenic
spot to visitor's mobile phone, scenic spot digital
screen instrument or to send uplifting notes to
encourage visitors' low-carbon tourism anytime
and anywhere.
What's more, applying carbon emission calcu-
lation device in control management of visitors'
carbon emission in scenic spot can real-time track
visitors' carbon emission and tell them the mes-
•
Sightseeing in scenic spot. On one hand,
managers of tourism area should offer vari-
ous ecological tourism products and tour-
ism reception facilities, such as ecological
washroom, improving scenic spot marking
and guiding system which instruct visitors
to have low-carbon tourism activity that
is regarded as an effective channel of in-
