Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
integrated manufacturing plans dynamically to as-
sure high environmental standards. An important
issue in improving the manufacturing system is
the use of feedback information in order to con-
tinually adjust the mix of inputs and technology
needed to achieve desired outputs. Information
derived from environmentally integrated manu-
facturing system analysis will continually change
production planning decisions such as demand
forecasting, purchasing, production and personnel
scheduling, quality control, and inventory control
issues. The team leader should constantly monitor
the manufacturing system and its environment in
order to plan, control and improve the system.
•
The unit waste management cost of an on-
site recycled waste consists of its raw ma-
terial cost. Labor and overhead costs asso-
ciated to the considered waste are included
if a change in these costs is obtained ac-
cording to the evaluation of alternative
waste management solutions.
•
The unit waste management cost of an off-
site recycled waste consists of its raw mate-
rial cost and transportation cost, apart from
the selling price to the recycling facility.
•
The unit waste management cost of dis-
carded wastes consists of the raw material
cost.
•
The unit waste management cost of waste-
water consists of the raw material cost.
Energy usage in the wastewater treat-
ment facility is ignored. Chemical usage
costs are included to costs calculations if
a change in chemical usage is obtained ac-
cording to the considered alternative waste
management solution.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
ENVIRONMENTALLY INTEGRATED
MANUFACTURING SYSTEM
ANALYSIS IN A CAR BATTERY
MANUFACTURING PLANT
The implementation of the methodology is ac-
complished in a car battery manufacturing plant
working with hazardous materials such as lead and
sulfuric acid. The lead-acid battery manufacturing
company occupies a total space of 22,500 m2 in
its manufacturing plant in Ankara. The company
produces different types of lead-acid batteries
and also supplies different types of semi-finished
products like grids, raw plates, charged plates as
well as lead monoxide. The production capacity
is 1,500,000 batteries per year and there are 50
white-collar and 250 blue-collar workers. The fol-
lowing assumptions are considered in the context
of the study:
•
In the net present value calculations, the
costs are assumed to derive at the end of
each month and the monthly interest rate is
assumed to be 1.6%.
•
The company works 6 days a week. Each
day consists of 3 shifts, which are 8 hours
each.
•
The company does not hold end-product
inventory and there is no cost associated to
inventory carrying.
•
There is no problem associated to the lim-
ited storage area.
With the use of the methodology, the manu-
facturing system of the company is analyzed and
the alternative waste management solutions are
investigated and evaluated.
•
The manufacturing process of wet-charged
batteries is considered.
•
Prices of products are assumed to be con-
stant for every customer.
Analysis of the System
•
Data collected about the manufacturing
system is considered as input data.
The analysis of the system provides informa-
