Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Upham, P., Raper, D., Thomas, C., McLellan, M.,
Lever, M., & Lieuwen, A. (2004). Environmental
capacity and european air transport: Stakeholder
opinion and implications for modelling.
Journal
of Air Transport Management
,
10
(3), 199-205.
doi:10.1016/j.jairtraman.2003.10.016
Cost function:
Mathematical function that
converts scores expressed in incommensurable
units into an overall score expressed in uniform
monetary terms.
Utility function:
Mathematical function
that converts the values of real and physical
performance scores into a uniform and artificial
performance with no dimension.
Life-cycle analysis:
Method for the systematic
environmental assessment of a project, from raw
material extraction through construction and use
to end-of-life management.
Upham, P., Thomas, C., Gillingwater, D., & Raper,
D. (2003). Environmental capacity and airport
operations: Current issues and future prospects.
Journal of Air Transport Management
,
9
(3),
145-151. doi:10.1016/S0969-6997(02)00078-9
Vincke, Ph. (1992).
Multicriteria decision-aid
.
New York: Wiley.
ENDNOTE
1
Aircraft need a power source at the gate
to maintain electronic systems and pneu-
matic pressure for air conditioning. Aircraft
typically use a portable ground power unit
(GPU) or run an onboard auxiliary power
unit (APU) which is a small turbine engine
inside the fuselage. Rowe (2005) argued
that a Boeing 737 APU burns 34 gallons of
jet fuel/hour, emits exhaust on the airport
ramp, and is noisy. A typical LTO cycle of
15-26 minutes burns 12 to 17 gallons of jet
fuel if the APU is used the entire time. If
100 aircraft per day eliminated the use of
the APU, there would be a NOx reduction
of 10 tons/year.
KEY TERMS & DEFINITIONS
Airports:
Transportation facility that accom-
modates the take-off and landing of commercial
aircraft and that typically comprises airside and
landside infrastructure.
Environmental evaluation:
Assessment of the
advert impacts of an infrastructure system on the
natural environment and human health.
Performance indicators:
Parameters that re-
flect the environmental performance of a complex
system toward specific criteria.
Multi-criteria analysis:
Decision-making
tool aimed at supporting decision makers facing
numerous and conflicting evaluations.
