Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
dioxide emission per ton declined by 40%
(Cooke 2009; p. 42-3). Firms without such
power in their supply chains may not be so
fortunate.
attributable to a loaded backhaul. In other
words, those costs which would have accrued
to an empty backhaul would be charged to
the front haul shipper since his haul would
have resulted in those costs even if there
were no backhaul load. This is how joint
costs are properly allocated.
4
For a similar shipment the backhaul shipper
would actually be charged a lower freight
rate than the front haul shipper because the
former should only be charged the costs
