RURAL LIVELIHOODS: INTERPLAY BETWEEN FARM ACTIVITIES, NON-FARM ACTIVITIES AND THE RESOURCE BASE - Science for Agriculture and Rural Development in Low-income Countries - page 95

Table A1.2. Estimates from Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regressions of external input use
and soil nutrient balance a (standard error in parentheses)

Variable input costs
(log $ per ha)

Soil nitrogen balance
(log kg N per ha)

(1) (2)

Zone b

-1.672 *** Locally linked (0.373) 1.182 (0.798)

-2.906 *** (0.497) Leakage to urban areas -0.824 (1.064)

6.226 *** 3.759 *** (0.883) New urban links (0.377)

Household characteristics

Non-farm income (amount $ '000) 0.006 (0.093) 0.015 (0.199)

Percentage of income from nonfarm
employment

-0.002 (0.002) 0.006 (0.004)

0.133 * Number of members -0.042 (0.032) (0.068)

Number of individuals consuming 0.068 (0.060) -0.001 (0.128)

Gender head (F = 0; M =1) -0.082 (0.197) 0.250 (0.421)

Percentage women in household 0.301 (0.344) 0.028 (0.736)

Education head

Primary 0.052 (0.172) 0.087 (0.369)

Secondary 0.173 (0.160) 0.449 (0.343)

0.512 **

Post-secondary (0.250) 0.082 (0.537)

Farm characteristics

Labour available for farm 0.077 (0.057) -0.142 (0.122)

-0.098 * Land area (0.059) 0.106 (0.125)

Ratio of land area to number of
individuals consuming

0.160 (0.188) 0.091 (0.402)

Square of land area 0.002 (0.001) -0.003 (0.003)

0.041 ** Livestock units 0.003 (0.010) (0.020)

0.003 ** Fertilizer use (kg N per ha) (0.001)

Regional characteristics

-1.220 **

Price fertilizer (0.487) -0.014 (1.043)

Country

3.674 *** (0.422) -1.575 * Burkina Faso (0.904)

China 0.185 (0.220) -0.437 (0.480)

5.573 ***

Ethiopia (0.437) 0.079 (0.935)

7.805 *** (0.657) -3.203 **

Ghana (1.410)

7.245 *** (0.573) -2.430 ** Kenya (1.231)

5.142 *** (0.541) -4.854 *** (1.160) Uganda

Vietnam benchmark benchmark

* Significant at 10% level; ** Significant at 5% level; *** Significant at 1% level.
a Both equations are estimated with OLS using logarithms of dependent variables.
For model of cost of external inputs, R 2 = 0.61, Number of observations = 379; Chi-squared
statistic of LLR test = 361.92 (significant at 1% level, given 23 degrees of freedom). For
model of soil nutrient balance, R 2 = 0.68, Number of observations = 379; Chi-squared
statistic of LLR test = 440.47 (significant at 1% level, given 24 degrees of freedom).
b The 'traditional' zone is used as the benchmark.