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the models of “appropriate” behaviour on the basis of their own behaviour. Only then
is the assessment of the agents' behaviour possible. The results of broader studies of
the systems of a given class can be found in the works: [42, 43, 156, 157].
5.4 Agents in the Evolution Systems
The application of the concept of the agent is particularly interesting is the evolution
systems. The establishment of the simulation algorithms of the evolution processes,
which later were developed into such techniques as evolution algorithms, became
the beginning of the ideas based on the biological evolution. The aim of the studies
carried out in this field was to find the methods of effective solutions for dealing with
optimization tasks.
The evolution algorithms are most frequently used for problems which are difficult
to solve with the use of other methods. It refers mainly to searching for the global
and local extremes for the aim function which has such a form that finding these
extremes is time-consuming.
Different variants of evolution algorithms appeared in the course of their devel-
opment. The evolution software, evolution strategies, and genetic algorithms were
developed. The introduction of the parallel evolution algorithms with different
kinds of interactions between parallel running algorithms was also suggested, which
enhanced the probability of keeping the variety of evolving populations.
The use of the “agent” paradigm involved equipping the agents with mechanisms
allowing for their participation in the evolution process, similar to evolution processes
occurring in the natural environment.
The introduction of new operations of evolution nature in the agent systems
resulted in the establishment of evolving agent systems (
EMAS
).
This allowed the development of the concept of the evolution algorithms and
improvement of their efficiency and also the extension of the application area of the
evolution systems in new fields [159].
In effect, in the course of development of the agent-oriented model of simulated
evolution
EMAS
new techniques have appeared, including co-evolution, niching,
speciation and the sexual evolution, which contributed to the creation of new kinds
of the evolution agent systems.
5.4.1 The Properties of the Agent Acting
in the Evolution System
As was mentioned, the attempts to simulate these processes became an inspiration
for the application of the concept of the agent in the evolution processes [84]. In the
evolution algorithms, the relationships agent-agent and agent-environment may be
