Travel Reference
In-Depth Information
new urban groups -
government, white-
collar workers, prof-
essionals, bankers,
merchants, and ind-
ustrialists. Increasing
support for industrial
protectionism marked
Brazilian politics in the
1920s. Disparate social
reform movements
cropped up during this
period. Between 1922 and 1926,
junior military officers staged a revolt
against the landed elite, demanding
socio-economic modernization.
turned against him
when they realized
that creating a strictly
fascist state was not on
his agenda. They were
bidding to seize power
in the 1938 election,
which the Constitution
barred Vargas from
contesting. Months
before the election,
Vargas declared a state
of emergency to avert an alleged
communist plot. He dissolved the
Constitution and established the
Estado Nôvo (New State), which used
repressive political tactics and rejected
free-market liberal capitalism. Vargas's
promise of a “post-war era of liberty”
could not save the fall of the Estado
Nôvo in 1945, when he was ousted
by General Eurico Dutra. His return to
presidency in 1951 was marred by
inflation, corruption, and a political
scandal involving an attack on a
journalist by the President's body-
guard. Faced with the ultimatum
to resign, Vargas ended his life in
1954 by shooting himself.
Brazilian army confronts rebels
during the 1930 coup
THE NEW STATE
A bloodless coup by the military
installed Getúlio Vargas as provisional
president in 1930. Between the World
Wars, he built a corporatist, centralized
state along fascist lines, although he
did advocate some liberal reforms.
The collapse of the old order had
created a vacuum, which was filled
by the fascist Integralistas and
communists. The former had once
enjoyed Vargas's support, but later
Citizens of Rio de Janeiro welcoming rebel troops upon the success of the 1930 coup
Poster, World Cup, 1950
1932 Young army
officers lead their
units against the
old order in Minas
Gerais and Rio
1954 Vargas
commits sui-
cide with a
bullet to
the heart
1938 Vargas
establishes the
Estado Nôvo, or
the “New State”
1950 World Cup
soccer held in
Rio de Janeiro
1930
1940
1950
1937 Vargas
assumes dictatorial
powers under a
new constitution
1945 The Estado
Nôvo collapses,
Eurico Dutra
comes to power
1930 A military coup
installs Getúlio Vargas
as provisional president
1951 Vargas
re-elected
president
 
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