Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
inclusive for air conditioning) is achieved through the voltage battery control and
storage tank temperature, respectively.
All these aspects make it necessary to reach decisions not by rules of thump
only, but by systematic optimization procedures, based on mathematical pro-
gramming, for both the design and the operation of the system. For the operation of
cogeneration systems,
in particular, microprocessor-based control systems are
available.
They may provide the capability to operate in a base load mode, to track either
electrical or thermal loads, or to operate in an economic dispatch mode (mixed-
match mode).
In the latter mode, the microprocessor can be used to monitor trigeneration
system performance, including:
the system ef
ciency and the amount of useful heat available;
the electrical and thermal requirements of the user, the amount of excess elec-
tricity which has to be exported to the grid, and the amount of heat that must be
released into the environment;
the cost of purchased electricity and the value of electricity sales, as they may
vary with the time of the day, the day of the week, or season.
Using the aforementioned data, the microprocessor can determine which oper-
ating mode is the most economical, even whether the unit should be shut down.
Moreover, by monitoring operational parameters such as ef
ciency, operating
hours, exhaust gas temperature, coolant water temperatures, etc., the micropro-
cessor can help in maintenance scheduling. If the system is unattended, a telephone
line can link the microprocessor with a remote monitoring centre, where the
computer analysis of the data may notify the skilled staff about an impending need
for scheduled or unscheduled maintenance. Furthermore, as part of a data acqui-
sition system, the microprocessor can produce reports of system technical and
economic performance.
References
2. ONSITE SYCOM Energy Corporation (1999) Review of CHP technologies. California
Energy Commission
3. USA: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (2008) Technology characterization: steam
turbines.
www.epa.gov
4. Training guide on combined heat & power systems. DG Energy Save II program
http://www.
6. Goldstein L (2003) Gas fired distributed energy resource technology characterizations
microturbine systems. National Renewable Energy Laboratory
8. EPA (2008) Technology characterization: Microturbine.
www.epa.gov
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