Combined Micro-Systems - Design for Micro-Combined Cooling, Heating and Power Systems - page 64

Table 1 Turbines — indicators of performance [ 4 ]
Features Industrial steam turbines Micro steam turbines

Electrical
ef ciency

15 - 38 % 18 - 27 %

Thermal ef ciency 65 - 75 %

80 %

Global efficiency 50 - 75 %

75 %

Power to Heat ratio 0.1 - 0.3 0.4 - 0.7

Start-up time 1 h - 1 day 60 s

Power range 50 kW - 250 MW 5 - 250 kW

Using thermal
energy

Low and high pressure steam Heat, hot water, low pressure steam

Advantages Report electricity /heat depending

flexible operating system;

High reliability (few moving parts);
easy installation;
Compact; Light weight;
Acceptable noise level
High temperature heat recovery Ability to adapt to the requirements

of several types of heat consumers;
variety of types and sizes; long life

Disadvantages High report heat/electricity; High costs

High investment cost;
Slow start

Fig. 5 Solar thermal heating and power [ 5 ]