Microgeneration Outlook - Design for Micro-Combined Cooling, Heating and Power Systems - page 25

extraction turbine, gas turbine with heat recovery, internal combustion engine,
microturbines, Stirling engines, fuel cells, steam engines, organic rankine cycles. 55
The directive provides also extensive de

nitions to cogeneration (including

high-ef ciency cogeneration, small scale and microgeneration). In the sense of the

directive, microgeneration systems use as input fossil fuels, RES or a combination
of both and generate heat, electricity, heat and electricity as output, to microscale
(below 50 kWe) or small scale (below 1 MWe). 56 Furthermore, the directive is
rather nitions too. 57

Microgeneration systems are deployed both in the energy use (Chap. Decen-
tralized Poly-generation of Energy: Basic Concepts of EED) and in the energy
supply (Chap. Combined Micro-Systems of EED). In the energy use, microgen-
eration systems are addressed to both the public sector at national, regional and
local level and to

flexible allowing MS to adopt other forms of de

final consumers, both residential and industry including SMEs. In
the energy supply, the connection of microgeneration systems to the grid is facil-
itated by energy suppliers.
In the public sector, MS have to comply with a set of national energy ef ciency

targets 58 and assess the potential for microgeneration in energy use and energy
supply, in order to establish a long-term strategy for building renovation in

“ resi-

. 59 In addition, public
bodies must have an exemplary role 60 and implement microgeneration technologies
when making comprehensive renovations to their building spaces and when making
public purchasing. 61
In the private sector, a signi

”

dential and commercial buildings, both public and private

cant untapped potential for energy ef ciency and

energy savings comes from final consumers. Therefore, improvements and bene ts

have been brought to both household consumers and SMEs. A bidirectional flow of

energy is ensured as grid access is created by energy suppliers for “ the connection

. 62 Smart metres are

and dispatch of generation sources at lower voltage levels ”

provided to “ accurately account for electricity put into the grid from the final cus-

. 63 Moreover, MS have the possibility to take various measures to tomer ' s premises ”

“ promote and facilitate an ef cient use of energy by small energy customers,

. 64 Users of microgeneration systems, as small- and
medium-sized producers of energy, will bene

including domestic customers ”

t from easier and faster administrative

55 Annex I Part II.
56 Art 2, Points (38), (39).
57 Preamble 38.
58 Article 3.
59

Article 4.
60 Article 5.
61 Article 6

—“ purchase only products, services and buildings with high energy-efficiency

performance .

62 Annex XI, (2), (d).
63 Article 9, Para. 2 (c).
64 Article 12, Para. 1.

”