Agriculture Reference
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three different cropping systems respectively were grown simultaneously
on two different locations nearby Göttingen.
Reinshof
with its more
favourable arable conditions and its high yield potential can be considered
as a premium location. In contrast to this,
Marienstein
is a strongly varying
location with heavy soils. Situated on the slope of the river Leine, this site
is rather typical for the hilly regions of Lower Saxony. Each plot had a size
of 1.3 ha to 4.1 ha. Details on further findings of other researchers dealing
with economical and ecological aspects of the INTEX-project are found in
Gerowitt and Wildenhayn (1997) and Steinmann and Gerowitt (2000).
The presented results below are focussed on the conventional
reference systems called 'Good farming practice' with oil seed rape, winter
wheat and winter sown barley as typical regional rotation compared to
three different integrated farming systems (Table 3.1).
The integrated rotations were adapted according to their intensity
of soil cultivation, fertilisation and pesticide use. Furthermore they were
extended by one additional crop (field beans, grown after winter wheat
until 1994; since 1994 one year of annual set aside at the end of the crop
rotation instead) and since 1994 winter sown barley was replaced by oats.
Due to the changes, since 1994 oil seed rape in the integrated farming
systems was followed by oats, winter wheat and finally by an annual set
aside as last year in the rotations.
In the calculations primary energy input (PE) for diesel fuel, motor
oil, electricity, seeds, mechanisation, chemical fertilisers (N, P, K, Ca, S)
and pesticides (considered as kg active substances applied per ha) was
taken into account. The so-called 'cumulated energy requirements' include
the energy use during the whole life cycle. Energy demand for production,
use and disposal of each product is assumed to consist of the supply of the
end energy used during the life cycle and all transportation processes
involved.
Diesel fuel and motor oil use on farm were not measured, but
calculated with a model, based on Borken
et al.
(1999). The applied
amount of P and K fertiliser was calculated with mean figures for the
nutrient export by kernel yield
the use of CaO was assumed
to be 300 kg
according to information of the regional extension
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