Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
production per biomass applied is relatively variable. This is due to the
amount and quality of the available biomass resources.
Table 12.1 also shows investment costs in prices of the year of
construction. For the plants in Hodsager, Filskov, Snertinge and Blåhøj
other investment costs cover a wood-chip burning plant and a district
heating system. The Studsgård plant includes a slurry pumping system, and
the Lintrup plant was originally equipped with a reversed osmosis slurry
separation system. Finally Table 12.1 shows investment grants, and a grant
ratio as a percentage of total investment costs.
4. THE OVERALL FRAMEWORK IN WHICH THE
ENLARGEMENT OF PLANTS WAS POSSIBLE
Making a valuable contribution in solving a wide range of environmental
problems, centralised biogas plants help achieving general government
environmental and energy targets.
In the field of environment it is an official government ambition to
achieve a 20 % reduction of the 1988 emission level by 2005 (Danish
Ministry of Environment and Energy 1996), and that 30 % of domestic
waste should be recycled by 2004. (The long-term target is 50 %) (Danish
Ministry of Environment and Energy 1998) As far as energy aspects are
concerned, it is an official government ambition that biogas production
from manure based biogas plants, landfill gas collection facilities, and
sewage sludge treatment facilities should increase from some yearly 2 PJ in
1995 to 6 PJ in 2005 and 20 PJ in 2030, of which 15 PJ derives from
manure and organic waste. (Danish Ministry of Environment and Energy
1996; Al Saedi
et al
. 2000).
The centralised biogas concept is considered as an important tool
in achieving the above mentioned targets. The enlargement of plants have
been encouraged in several ways by the Danish government, primarily by
providing the Energy Research Programme and the Renewable Energy
Development Programme, which have provided grants for R & D projects
and for reviews, pilot or demonstration projects. These programmes have
been supported by follow-up programmes, in which experience gained
have been collected, analysed and communicated to farmers, plant
operators, advisors, plant constructors and authorities. Furthermore, a set of
regulations of the handling and utilisation of animal manure and organic
waste has been implemented, which is often referred to as 'the legislative
push' (Al Saedi
et al.
2000). A 6-9 months slurry storage capacity is
required, and restrictions on manure application on land have been
introduced. Organic waste can no longer be disposed in landfills, and
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